scholarly journals Economic and Environmental Changes in Shenzhen—A Technology Hub in Southern China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5545
Author(s):  
Wai-Ming To ◽  
Peter K. C. Lee ◽  
Antonio K. W. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Condition ◽  
Computer Communication ◽  
Electronic Product ◽  
Product Manufacturing

Shenzhen has been established as the technology and innovation center in China. The study reviews its economic development and environmental change over the past four decades. Specifically, it tests whether environmental Kuznets curve relationship between haze as a proxy indicator of environmental condition and gross domestic product (GDP) per capita holds in Shenzhen. The study also examines the contribution of Shenzhen’s secondary sector to its GDP and highlights some changes in the computer, communication and electronic product manufacturing industries over the years. We collected the official data from the Shenzhen Municipal Government. Economic, social and environmental changes in Shenzhen were identified using tables and stacked graphs. Environmental Kuznets curve revealed that the worst environmental condition appeared in Shenzhen during the period 2003–2004. Environmental analysis showed that Shenzhen’s computer, communication and electronic product manufacturing industries consumed 52,595 TJ of energy and produced 10.1 million tons CO2-eq in 2019. As gross output value of the industries was USD 336 billion in 2019, the industries had an energy efficiency of 156,716 MJ/million USD and an emission efficiency of 30.6 tons CO2-eq/million USD, improving by 74% and 65%, respectively, since 2008. Nevertheless, the industries should focus more on high value-added and low energy-intensive technologies and innovations. Additionally, the Shenzhen Government shall increase the use of clean energy sources such as nuclear, wind and solar power in order to sustain the continual improvement of energy and emission efficiencies for all industries.

scholarly journals Testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis for Turkey: The Role of Clean Energy Consumption and Ecological Footprint

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suleyman Yurtkuran
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis

Abstract This study aims to investigate the dynamic relationship between income, clean energy consumption, exports, imports, urbanization and ecological footprint for Turkey from 1973 to 2015 using the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis. The long-term coefficients derived from the ARDL approach demonstrate that import increase the ecological footprint, whereas urbanization and clean energy consumption do not have an impact on environmental pollution in the long-term. In addition, the 2001 dummy variable is negative and statistically significant. The crisis in 2001 slowed down the economic growth rate. This situation also caused reduction of environmental pollution. Moreover, the long run estimates indicate that the EKC hypothesis is valid in Turkey. However, the turning point of per capita income was calculated as $16,045 that outside of the analyzed period. As economic activities increase, human pressure on nature continues to increase. Consequently, the only factor that reduces the ecological footprint has been determined as exports. In contrast, economic growth and clean energy consumption cannot be used as a tool to reduce the ecological footprint. Turkey needs a higher level of per capita income than the threshold level to improve environmental quality.

scholarly journals Does income inequality matter for CO2 emissions in Russian regions?

Equilibrium ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-551
Author(s):  
Natalia Davidson ◽  
Oleg Mariev ◽  
Sophia Turkanova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Value Added ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Fixed And Random Effects ◽  
The Impact

Research background: Intensive economic growth in Russian regions during recent decades has been associated with numerous environmental issues, particularly increasing CO2 emissions, as well as income inequality. To achieve sustainable development, it is necessary to resolve these issues. Purpose of the article: To shed light on the impact of income inequality on CO2 emissions based on Russian regional data covering the years 2004?2018. Methods: Gini index and decile dispersion ratio are used to measure income inequality. To study the impact of income inequality on CO2 emissions in the Russian regions, we estimate econometric models with fixed and random effects and apply GMM method. We test the hypothesis of the environmental Kuznets curve to determine the impact of economic growth on CO2 emissions. Findings & value added: The results show that CO2 emissions increase in tandem with growth in income inequality between 10% of people with the lowest income and 10% of people with the highest income. Simultaneously, CO2 emissions decrease with growth of Gini coefficient. The hypothesis of the Environmental Kuznets Curve was confirmed based on GMM method. Our findings underscore that the activities of the extraction and manufacturing sectors, as well as energy consumption, increase CO2 emissions. The chief significance of this paper is the finding that large income gap between extremely rich and extremely poor population cohorts increases CO2 emissions. This implies that economic policy aimed at reducing income inequality in Russian regions will also reduce CO2 emissions, especially if accompanied by increased use of environmentally friendly technologies. From the international perspective, our research can be extended to study other countries and regions.

scholarly journals Development Specificity of Russian Regions and the Environmental Kuznets Curve

2020 ◽  
pp. 155-167
Author(s):  
Pavel Druzhinin ◽  
Galina Shkiperova ◽  
Olga Potasheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Russian Regions ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Regional Development Strategies ◽  
The Impact

Economic development due to the increased production and consumption growth has a negative impact on the environment. It is possible to estimate and analyze the environmental changes by creating economic models that reveal the effect of different factors on the balance of natural environment. The approach proposed in the current article is based on calculating the functions of pollution, which allows analyzing different ways of investment distribution, estimating the impact of the economy structure change, and considering the dynamics of investments and costs of environmental protection. The article also examines the correlation between environmental and economic indicators of the development of different regions in Russia, builds models describing the correlation, defines the groups of regions with similar environmental and economic characteristics and proposes calculations. The authors demonstrate that the development of 3 groups of regions is described by the environmental Kuznets curve with different parameters, and specify the values of the gross regional product per capita when the emissions may start decreasing. For each of the four determined groups of regions of Russia the factors influencing the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere are revealed. Russian regions vary significantly depending on their level of social and economic development, and hence it is important to estimate how the differences influence on the type and on the parameters of the applied models, and therefore on the environmental and economic processes. The study makes it possible to conclude that improvement in the environmental situation is connected with investments into economy modernization, in developing new sectors of economy and in protecting the atmosphere. The obtained results will facilitate getting more precise forecasts of environmental and economic processes and regional development strategies.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Impact of Clean and Non-clean Energy Consumption on Economic Growth and Carbon Emission: Evidence from PIMC Countries

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arshad Ali ◽  
Magdalena Radulescu ◽  
Daniel Balsalobre Lorente ◽  
Viet-Ngu (Vincent) Hoang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Carbon Emission ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Pollution Haven Hypothesis ◽  
Pollution Haven ◽  
The Impact

Abstract This study empirically estimates the impact of clean and non-clean energy consumption on economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions within the framework of the environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis in the case of PIMC countries from 1980 to 2019. The results of the panel cointegration test proposed by Westerlund (2007) show a long-term equilibrium relationship among the variables of each designated model. The long-term elasticities of economic growth and carbon emission estimated by AMG, CCEMG and MG estimators indicate that both clean and non-clean energy consumption have a significant impact on economic growth, while carbon emission hinders growth. The results also reveal that economic growth, non-clean energy consumption and interaction between trade openness and non-clean energy consumption have a driving effect on carbon dioxide emission, however, clean energy consumption is found to reduce carbon emission. In addition, the analysis confirms the existence of the inverted U-shaped environmental Kuznets curve and pollution haven hypothesis in the panel of PIMC economies. Finally, there is a one-way causality from non-clean energy consumption to economic growth, but no such causation exists between clean energy consumption and economic growth. The objective of sustained economic growth with a safe environment may be achieved by encouraging clean energy consumption in the PIMC economies.

scholarly journals To examine environmental pollution by economic growth and their impact in an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) among developed and developing countries.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
YuSheng Kong ◽  
Rabnawaz Khan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Environmental Kuznets Curve ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Manufacturing Industries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Vector Error Correction ◽  
Vector Error ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Service Export

This study analyzes the core energy consumption among countries specific variables by Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis (EKC), for a panel data of 29 (14 developed and 15 developing) countries during the period of 1977-2014. By assessing Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) regressions with first generation test such as common root, individual Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), and individual root-Fisher-PP have been computed individually, the results confirm the EKC hypothesis in the case of emissions of solid, liquid, gases, manufacturing industries and also construction. Hence, we computed the cointegration test by Pedroni Kao from Engle-Granger based and Fisher. Onward, since the variable are co-integrated, a panel vector error correction model is estimated in GDP per capita, emission from manufacturing industries, arms import, commercial service export and coal rent, order to perform Pairwise Granger Causality test and indicate Vector Error Correction (VEC), with co-integration restrictions. Moreover, the statistical finding from VEC short-run unidirectional causality from GDP per capita growth to manufacturing industries and coat rent, as well as the causal link with manufacturing industries and commercial service export. Additionally, since there occurred no causal link among economic growth, arm import and coal rent.

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