Development of Integrated Flooding Early Warning and Rainfall Runoff Management Platform for Downtown Area of Shanghai

To enhance the capacity of Shanghai’s drainage network to guard against flooding, this study used data obtained from an urban drainage network and spatial geological information to conduct precise analysis on an area of approximately 31 km2 with various land uses in downtown Shanghai and to establish a two-dimensional model. Based on the two-dimensional model, an integrated urban flooding early warning and rainfall runoff management platform was developed through combining meteorological data and real-time remote sensing data of the drainage network operation. Through precise simulation of the rainstorm runoff process, projection of the scope and magnitude of urban surface runoff hazard impact, issuance of flooding forecasts, and provision of hazard early warning and decision-making support, the developed platform is capable of providing risk assessment of the drainage system and early warning of flooding risk.

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Genesis of dewatering structures and its implications for melt-out till identification

Journal of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/172756504781830358 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 50 (168) ◽

pp. 17-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Anders E. Carlson

Keyword(s):

Hydraulic Conductivity ◽

Drainage System ◽

Effective Pressure ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Geotechnical Data ◽

Critical Discharge ◽

Two Dimensional Model

AbstractDewatering structures are a common feature used to identify melt-out till, and the lack of such structures in till could preclude deposition by melt-out. To assess the conditions under which melt-out till can be deposited without forming dewatering structures, I use geotechnical data and a quasi-two-dimensional model of geothermal melt-out. Critical discharge determined from geotechnical data suggests that low-hydraulic-conductivity till can transport up to 1.3 m3 water a–1m–2 without forming dewatering structures, which is two to three orders of magnitude greater than the volume of meltwater produced at the base of glaciers. The model indicates that debris content of the ice and the ability of the till to drain govern effective pressure during melt-out. If the drainage system is poorly developed or the till comes from debris-poor ice, effective pressure is below zero, the condition under which dewatering structures could form. However, till from relatively debris-rich ice (>40% debris) with a well-developed drainage system (channels every 10 m) can dewater without forming dewatering structures. This suggests that the lack of dewatering structures in till does not necessarily imply deposition by lodgement or deforming bed.

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Commitment to pro- versus counter-attitudinal behavior and the dynamics of social representations

Swiss Journal of Psychology ◽

10.1024//1421-0185.61.1.34 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 34-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Eric Tafani ◽

Lionel Souchet

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Social Representations ◽

Cognitive Restructuring ◽

Social Representation ◽

Two Dimensional ◽

Dimensional Model ◽

Social Actions ◽

The Social ◽

Two Dimensional Model ◽

Students Attitudes

This research uses the counter-attitudinal essay paradigm ( Janis & King, 1954 ) to test the effects of social actions on social representations. Thus, students wrote either a pro- or a counter-attitudinal essay on Higher Education. Three forms of counter-attitudinal essays were manipulated countering respectively a) students’ attitudes towards higher education; b) peripheral beliefs or c) central beliefs associated with this representation object. After writing the essay, students expressed their attitudes towards higher education and evaluated different beliefs associated with it. The structural status of these beliefs was also assessed by a “calling into question” test ( Flament, 1994a ). Results show that behavior challenging either an attitude or peripheral beliefs induces a rationalization process, giving rise to minor modifications of the representational field. These modifications are only on the social evaluative dimension of the social representation. On the other hand, when the behavior challenges central beliefs, the same rationalization process induces a cognitive restructuring of the representational field, i.e., a structural change in the representation. These results and their implications for the experimental study of representational dynamics are discussed with regard to the two-dimensional model of social representations ( Moliner, 1994 ) and rationalization theory ( Beauvois & Joule, 1996 ).

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