scholarly journals Leaching and Geochemical Modelling of an Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) and Ladle Slag Heap

Toxics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Mojca Loncnar ◽  
Ana Mladenovič ◽  
Vesna Zalar Serjun ◽  
Marija Zupančič ◽  
Hans A. van der Sloot
Keyword(s):  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Geochemical Modelling ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Limited Effect ◽  
Ladle Slag ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Slag Heap

Old metallurgical dumps across Europe represent a loss of valuable land and a potential threat to the environment, especially to groundwater (GW). The Javornik electric arc furnace (EAF) and ladle slag heap, situated in Slovenia, was investigated in this study. The environmental impact of the slag heap was evaluated by combining leaching characterization tests of landfill samples and geochemical modelling. It was shown that throughout the landfill the same minerals and sorptive phases control the leaching of elements of potential concern, despite variations in chemical composition. Although carbonation of the disposed steel slags occurred (molar ratio CO3/(Ca+Mg) = 0.53) relative to fresh slag, it had a limited effect on the leaching behaviour of elements of potential concern. The leaching from the slag heaps had also a limited effect on the quality of the GW. A site-specific case, however, was that leachates from the slag heap were strongly diluted, since a rapid flow of GW fed from the nearby Sava River was observed in the landfill area. The sampling and testing approach applied provides a basis for assessing the long-term impact of release and is a good starting point for evaluating future management options, including beneficial uses for this type of slag.

scholarly journals The Influence of Electric-Arc-Furnace Input Feeds on its Electrical Energy Consumption

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vito Logar ◽  
Igor Škrjanc
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Furnace Operation ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Electrical Energy Consumption ◽  
Arc Furnaces ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Oxygen Ratio

AbstractOperation of the electric arc furnaces (EAFs) is a subject to consider fluctuations in terms of its key performance indicators, such as the electrical energy consumption (EEC), tap-to-tap time, steel yield, and others. In this paper, a more detailed analysis of the electric arc furnace data is performed, investigating its EEC. It is well known that the EEC is affected by the weight and the type of charged scrap, the operational delays, and the tapping temperature. On the other hand, one can also deduce that the feeds, such as the carbon and the oxygen, could also affect the EEC, due to their role in redox equations and impact to the bath energy balance. Therefore, special attention is devoted to the analysis of the carbon-to-oxygen ratio during the electric arc furnace operation and the consequent influence of the oxygen availability on the EEC. Statistical analysis of more than 2500 heats of data, which were clustered according to the produced steel grade and the charged scrap mixture, has revealed that besides the beforementioned factors, fluctuations in EEC could appear also due to different amounts of added carbon and oxygen. Since the furnace operators usually rely on predefined guidelines and their own experience when actuating the furnace, a simplistic statistical approach can be used to reveal some of the weaknesses in the control routines, which can be used as a starting point to improve their actuation, leading to decreased energy consumption. Graphical Abstract

Analytical Electron Microscopy Characterization of Electric Arc Furnace Dust

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
J. R. Porter ◽  
J. I. Goldstein ◽  
D. B. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Analytical Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Particle Analysis ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Analytical Electron ◽  
Residual Elements ◽  
Industry Practice

Alloy scrap metal is increasingly being used in electric arc furnace (EAF) steelmaking and the alloying elements are also found in the resulting dust. A comprehensive characterization program of EAF dust has been undertaken in collaboration with the steel industry and AISI. Samples have been collected from the furnaces of 28 steel companies representing the broad spectrum of industry practice. The program aims to develop an understanding of the mechanisms of formation so that procedures to recover residual elements or recycle the dust can be established. The multi-phase, multi-component dust particles are amenable to individual particle analysis using modern analytical electron microscopy (AEM) methods.Particles are ultrasonically dispersed and subsequently supported on carbon coated formvar films on berylium grids for microscopy. The specimens require careful treatment to prevent agglomeration during preparation which occurs as a result of the combined effects of the fine particle size and particle magnetism. A number of approaches to inhibit agglomeration are currently being evaluated including dispersal in easily sublimable organic solids and size fractioning by centrifugation.

Monitoring the environmental and energy impacts of electric arc furnace steelmaking

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Colla ◽  
Filippo Cirilli ◽  
Bernd Kleimt ◽  
Inigo Unamuno ◽  
Silvia Tosato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Arc Furnace

scholarly journals Design and Construction of a Laboratory-Scale Direct-Current Electric Arc Furnace for Metallurgical and High-Titanium Slag Smelting Studies

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 732
Author(s):  
Botao Xue ◽  
Lingzhi Yang ◽  
Yufeng Guo ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Shuai Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Current ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Melting Time ◽  
Furnace Lining ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
Titanium Slag ◽  
Design Requirements ◽  
Metallized Pellets ◽  
The Heat Balance

A novel direct-current electric arc furnace (DC-EAF) was designed and constructed in this study for experimentally investigating high-titanium slag smelting, with an emphasis on addressing the issues of incomplete separation of metal and slag as well as poor insulation effects. The mechanical components (crucible, electrode, furnace lining, etc.) were designed and developed, and an embedded crucible design was adopted to promote metal-slag separation. The lining and bottom thicknesses of the furnace were determined via calculation using the heat balance equations, which improved the thermal insulation. To monitor the DC-EAF electrical parameters, suitable software was developed. For evaluating the performance of the furnace, a series of tests were run to determine the optimal coke addition under the conditions of constant temperature (1607 °C) and melting time (90 min). The results demonstrated that for 12 kg of titanium-containing metallized pellets, 4% coke was the most effective for enrichment of TiO2 in the high-titanium slag, with the TiO2 content reaching 93.34%. Moreover, the DC-EAF met the design requirements pertaining to lining thickness and facilitated metal-slag separation, showing satisfactory performance during experiments.

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