Composition Vector Spaces as a New Type of Tri-Operational Algebras

The aim of this paper is to define and study the composition vector spaces as a type of tri-operational algebras. In this regard, by presenting nontrivial examples, it is emphasized that they are a proper generalization of vector spaces and their structure can be characterized by using linear operators. Additionally, some related properties about foundations, composition subspaces and residual elements are investigated. Moreover, it is shown how to endow a vector space with a composition structure by using bijective linear operators. Finally, more properties of the composition vector spaces are presented in connection with linear transformations.

Quiet Racism: Examining Gendered Orientalism Within Canadian Newspaper Editorial Coverage of the 2012 New Delhi Gang Rape

This study employs Edward Said’s theory of Orientalism and Norman Fairclough’s three-part model of Critical Discourse Analysis in order to analyze The Globe and Mail, The National Post and Toronto Star’s editorial coverage of the New Delhi Gang Rape that occurred on December 16, 2012 in New Delhi, India. Through a conceptual framework using Michel Foucault, Stuart Hall and Edward Said’s seminal work of Orientalism, this paper highlights the key discursive strategies through which residual elements of imperialist ideology shape Canadian editorial discourse about the Delhi Gang Rape. The purpose of this MRP is to give closer attention to the way media represent events like the rape case, and the meanings and these representations have on molding Western views on gender and gender roles in the non-Western World.

Effect of Cooling Rate on the Volume Fractions of the Constituent Phases of the Tempcore Steel Rebars

Tempcore process considers the widest process that is being used in the production of reinforced steel rebar. The normal tempcore process is fundamentally dependent on the amount of latent heat in the core of the steel rebar, and the cooling rate of the rebar cross-section. Cooled water box and the cooling bed have a powerful effect on the cooling rate of the steel rebar. This research has been designed to monitor the continuous cooling transformation CCT diagram of steel rebar with different two contents of residual elements. Moreover, the effect of the cooling bed’s conditions has been simulated to identify the effect of cooling rate at the cooling bed step on the microstructure, as well as the hardness value of the produced steel rebar. It was found that the cooling rate at the cooling bed step has a great powerful effect on the produced steel rebar in term of bainite phase increment, and the hardness value as well.

Kinetics of Arsenic Surface Segregation in Scrap-Based Silicon Electrical Steel

The segregation kinetics of surface-active, residual elements are investigated in an in situ study of annealing scrap-based silicon electrical steel sheet where the arsenic (As) surface segregation is highlighted. During annealing in the temperature range of 300–950 °C, different kinds of interactions between the segregated residual elements were observed. Attractive interactions between the segregands produced co-segregation, e.g., between Sn and Sb, whereas repulsive interactions resulted in site competition, e.g., between Sn and As. These competing interactions are strongly time dependent. In spite of there being twice as much Sn compared to As in the bulk material, the As prevailed in the surface enrichments of the polycrystalline silicon steel at 950 °C. The intensity of the As surface segregation in the temperature range 800–950 °C is proportional to the calculated amount of γ-austenite phase in the (α + γ) steel matrix. The detected phenomenon of the As versus Sn site competition could be valuable for the texture design and surface engineering of silicon steels with a thermodynamically stable two-phase (α + γ) region.

Effect of Heterogeneous Nucleation on Removal of Arsenic from Molten Steel by Rare Earth Addition

Cleanliness control is an eternal theme to improve the properties of steel products. With the increasing recycling rates of scrap steel, the removal and stabilization of residual elements have become a vital issue for improving the performance of steel products. Thermodynamic and mismatch calculations plus laboratory experiments were carried out to study the heterogeneous nucleation phenomena of inclusions when lanthanum was employed to remove arsenic from molten steel and stabilize arsenic in solid steel. The effect of heterogeneous nucleation on the mechanism of arsenic removal was discussed. A series of heterogeneous nucleation phenomena of inclusions in the La-O-S-As system were discovered, and the heterogeneous nucleation among the inclusions turned out to be selective. As the vital product of arsenic removal, La-S-As is most likely to generate with LaS as heterogeneous nucleation cores, and its possible chemical formula turned out to be 3LaS⸱LaAs. Sulfur plays an essential role in removing arsenic from molten steel by adding lanthanum. It needs to control the initial sulfur content in an appropriate range, because the high initial content causes too much loss of rare earth, and the low initial content cannot produce LaS and La-S-As.

Effects of metallurgical factors on reticular crack formations in Nb-bearing pipeline steel

Microscopic morphologies of reticular cracks in Nb-bearing pipeline surfaces are shown in this work. A decarburization layer, oxidized round spots, and the distributions of residual elements are each detected to better understand the mechanisms of reticular crack formations. The results show that reticular cracks are discontinuously distributed and filled with iron oxide. The oxidized round spots near the crack sides are larger and more intensive than steel matrix, with primary chemical compositions of Fe, Mn, and Si oxides. There is no obvious enrichment of Cu, Cr, or Sn near the crack zones. The formation of reticular cracks occurs prior to both decarburization and the formation of oxidized round spots. The ferrite potential (FP) of the examined pipeline steel is 1.05, which leads to a higher relative crack susceptibility. It is concluded that reticular cracks are generated during the continuous casting solidification process due to the extension of intergranular microcracks along grain boundaries under the abnormal conditions of the continuous casting process.

Subsequent Marking under Ultrasound Guidance of Vacuum-Assisted Breast Biopsy Areas after Receipt of Histology: A Feasibility Study of a New Technique

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and the accuracy of a secondary, metachronous ultrasound (US)-guided marking of the stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (ST-VABB) area. <b><i>Materials and Methods:</i></b> The institutional ethics committee approved the study. The retrospective study included 98 patients. In ST-VABB of 45 women, no tissue markers were deployed at the biopsy site, even if no residual calcifications remained. After histology proved the necessity for a subsequent operation, the biopsy site was marked under US guidance using a coil marker. All interventions were technically successful. No complications occurred. Mammography was done to visualize the coil deployment. The distances from the center of the lesion and the biopsy cavity to the coil location were measured in both planes to evaluate the accuracy of the marking procedure. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In 24 of the 46 cases, the whole lesion was biopsied without residual elements. The mean time between ST-VABB and sonographic marking of the lesion was 9.7 days (median 6.5). The biopsy cavity could be detected in 40 (87%) cases and thus marked exactly. The mean time of US-guided marking was 12.5 min. The mean distance between the coil and the target lesion was 0.6 ± 1.5 cm in the craniocaudal (cc) view and 0.5 ± 1.5 cm in the mediolateral (ml) view for all markings. The mean delta value from the distance nipple–original lesion and from the distance nipple–coil was 0.85 ± 1.2 cm (median 0.5) in the cc view and 0.88 ± 1.2 cm (median 0.6) in the ml view for all cases. Clip migration was not observed. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Our study demonstrates the feasibility and the technical success of secondary metachronous coil marking of the biopsy site under US guidance after receipt of histology. This approach seems to be a cost-effective alternative to the standard procedure of the primary coil marking especially in all completely removed lesions. It may offer advantages for allergic patients.