scholarly journals Discovering Host Genes Involved in the Infection by the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Complex and in the Establishment of Resistance to the Virus Using Tobacco Rattle Virus-based Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing

Viruses ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 998-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henryk Czosnek ◽  
Assaf Eybishtz ◽  
Dagan Sade ◽  
Rena Gorovits ◽  
Iris Sobol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Host Genes ◽  
Leaf Curl

Post-transcriptional gene silencing in controlling viruses of the Tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex

2006 ◽  
Vol 151 (12) ◽  
pp. 2349-2363 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Abhary ◽  
G. H. Anfoka ◽  
M. K. Nakhla ◽  
D. P. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Post Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

scholarly journals V2 of tomato yellow leaf curl virus can suppress methylation-mediated transcriptional gene silencing in plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Wang ◽  
Fangfang Li ◽  
Changjun Huang ◽  
Xiuling Yang ◽  
Yajuan Qian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Methylation Status ◽  
Promoter Sequence ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
35S Promoter ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a DNA virus belonging to the genus Begomovirus. TYLCV replicates using double-stranded DNA intermediates that can become the target of plant transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Here, we show that the V2 protein of TYLCV can suppress TGS of a transcriptionally silenced green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene in Nicotiana benthamiana line 16-TGS. Through bisulfite sequencing and chop-PCR, we demonstrated that the TYLCV V2 can reverse GFP transgene silencing by reducing the methylation levels in the 35S promoter sequence. Both AtSN1 and MEA-ISR loci in Arabidopsis thaliana were previously reported to be strongly methylated, and we show that the methylation status of both loci was significantly reduced in TYLCV V2 transgenic Arabidopsis plants. We conclude that TYLCV can efficiently suppress TGS when it infects plants, and its V2 protein is responsible for the TGS suppression activity.

scholarly journals Small RNA Profiling of Susceptible and Resistant Ty-1 Encoding Tomato Plants Upon Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corien M. Voorburg ◽  
Yuling Bai ◽  
Richard Kormelink
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Cytosine Methylation ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Ty-1 presents an atypical dominant resistance gene that codes for an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDR) of the gamma class and confers resistance to tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and other geminiviruses. Tomato lines bearing Ty-1 not only produce relatively higher amounts of viral small interfering (vsi)RNAs, but viral DNA also exhibits a higher amount of cytosine methylation. Whether Ty-1 specifically enhances posttranscriptional gene silencing (PTGS), leading to a degradation of RNA target molecules and primarily relying on 21–22 nucleotides (nts) siRNAs, and/or transcriptional gene silencing (TGS), leading to the methylation of cytosines within DNA target sequences and relying on 24-nts siRNAs, was unknown. In this study, small RNAs were isolated from systemically TYLCV-infected leaves of Ty-1 encoding tomato plants and susceptible tomato Moneymaker (MM) and sequence analyzed. While in susceptible tomato plants vsiRNAs of the 21-nt size class were predominant, their amount was drastically reduced in tomato containing Ty-1. The latter, instead, revealed elevated levels of vsiRNAs of the 22- and 24-nt size classes. In addition, the genomic distribution profiles of the vsiRNAs were changed in Ty-1 plants compared with those from susceptible MM. In MM three clear hotspots were seen, but these were less pronounced in Ty-1 plants, likely due to enhanced transitive silencing to neighboring viral genomic sequences. The largest increase in the amount of vsiRNAs was observed in the intergenic region and the V1 viral gene. The results suggest that Ty-1 enhances an antiviral TGS response. Whether the elevated levels of 22 nts vsiRNAs contribute to an enhanced PTGS response or an additional TGS response involving a noncanonical pathway of RNA dependent DNA methylation remains to be investigated.

Control of the Bemisia tabaci/Tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex on protected tomato crops in Algarve (Portugal)*

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
A. F. Arsenio ◽  
E. Neto ◽  
N. Ramos ◽  
S. Mangerico ◽  
E. Fortunato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Gene silencing of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

2007 ◽  
pp. 391-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghandi Anfoka
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

scholarly journals Functional Analysis of Gene-Silencing Suppressors from Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Disease Viruses

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1294-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Luna ◽  
Gabriel Morilla ◽  
Olivier Voinnet ◽  
Eduardo R. Bejarano
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Viral Proteins ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Silencing Suppression ◽  
Viral Suppressors ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Leaf Curl Disease ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl disease (TYLCD) is caused by a complex of phylogenetically related Begomovirus spp. that produce similar symptoms when they infect tomato plants but have different host ranges. In this work, we have evaluated the gene-silencing-suppression activity of C2, C4, and V2 viral proteins isolated from the four main TYLCD-causing strains in Spain in Nicotiana benthamiana. We observed varying degrees of local silencing suppression for each viral protein tested, with V2 proteins from all four viruses exhibiting the strongest suppression activity. None of the suppressors were able to avoid the spread of the systemic silencing, although most produced a delay. In order to test the silencing-suppression activity of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSV) proteins in a shared (tomato) and nonshared (bean) host, we established novel patch assays. Using these tools, we found that viral proteins from TYLCV were able to suppress silencing in both hosts, whereas TYLCSV proteins were only effective in tomato. This is the first time that viral suppressors from a complex of disease-causing geminiviruses have been subject to a comprehensive analysis using two economically important crop hosts, as well as the established N. benthamiana plant model.

scholarly journals Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus V2 Interacts with Host Histone Deacetylase 6 To Suppress Methylation-Mediated Transcriptional Gene Silencing in Plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Wang ◽  
Xiuling Yang ◽  
Yaqin Wang ◽  
Yan Xie ◽  
Xueping Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Gene Silencing ◽  
Histone Deacetylase ◽  
Viral Genome ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Transcriptional Gene Silencing ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Histone Deacetylase 6 ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Direct Binding ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus

ABSTRACT Cytosine DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic silencing mechanism that defends against biotic stresses such as geminivirus infection. As a countermeasure, geminiviruses encode proteins that inhibit methylation and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). Previous studies showed that V2 protein of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) functions as a TGS suppressor. However, how V2 mediates TGS suppression remains unknown. Here we show that V2 interacts directly with a Nicotiana benthamiana histone deacetylase 6 (NbHDA6), a homolog of Arabidopsis HDA6 (AtHDA6), known to be involved in gene silencing in cooperation with methyltransferase 1 (MET1). NbHDA6 genetically complemented a late-flowering phenotype and restored histone deacetylation of an AtHDA6 mutant. Furthermore, our investigation showed that NbHDA6 displayed histone deacetylase enzymatic activity, which was not inhibited by V2. Genetic analysis revealed that silencing of NbHDA6 expression resulted in enhanced susceptibility to TYLCV infection. In addition, methylation-sensitive PCR and bisulfite sequencing analysis showed that silencing of NbHDA6 expression caused reduced DNA methylation of the viral genome in infected plants. HDA6 was previously shown to recruit and physically interact with MET1 to function in gene silencing. Using competitive pulldown and coimmunoprecipitation assays, we demonstrated that V2 did not interact but competed with NbMET1 for direct binding to NbHDA6. These findings suggest that V2 interacts with host HDA6 and interferes with the recruitment of MET1 by HDA6, resulting in decreased methylation of the viral DNA genome by TGS with a concomitant increase in host susceptibility to TYLCV infection. IMPORTANCE Plants employ repressive viral genome methylation as an epigenetic defense against geminiviruses. In turn, geminiviruses encode proteins that inhibit methylation by TGS. Previous studies showed that TYLCV V2 can efficiently suppress TGS, but the mechanism remains unknown. We showed that V2 interacted with NbHDA6 but did not inhibit its enzymatic activity. As HDA6 is known to be involved in gene silencing in cooperation with MET1, we explored the relationship between V2, NbMET1, and NbHDA6. Our investigation showed that V2 did not interact but competed with NbMET1 for direct binding to NbHDA6. To our knowledge, this is the first report that viral proteins inhibit TGS by interacting with histone deacetylase but not by blocking the methyl cycle. This work provides an additional mechanism for TGS suppression by geminiviruses.

Control of the Bemisia tabaci /Tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex in tomato nurseries in Portugal*

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Ramos ◽  
J. E. Fernandes ◽  
A. F. Arsénio ◽  
S. Mangerico ◽  
E. Neto
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, an emerging virus complex causing epidemics worldwide

2000 ◽  
Vol 71 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Moriones ◽  
J. Navas-Castillo
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl

Control of the Bemisia tabaci /Tomato yellow leaf curl virus complex on protected tomato crops in Algarve (Portugal)*

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. Arsénio ◽  
E. Neto ◽  
N. Ramos ◽  
S. Mangerico ◽  
E. Fortunato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Tomato Yellow Leaf ◽  
Yellow Leaf ◽  
Virus Complex ◽  
Leaf Curl Virus ◽  
Leaf Curl
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