scholarly journals Color Flow Doppler Echocardiography in Healthy Racing Pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica) and the Evidence of Physiological Blood Flow Vortex Formations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Marko Legler ◽  
Lajos Koy ◽  
Norbert Kummerfeld ◽  
Michael Fehr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Pulse Repetition Frequency ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Chamber View ◽  
Flow Vortex ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ventricular Filling

In avian medicine, Doppler sonographic techniques are used to visualize and estimate blood flow in the heart. In the literature there is a lack of standardized studies of the use of color Doppler flow on healthy avian species. For this purpose, we examined blood flow in the heart in the four-chamber view of clinically healthy awake racing pigeons (n = 43) by color flow Doppler sonography. With this technique the diastolic and systolic blood flow in the heart chambers and the heart valve regions were well visualized. However, the pulse repetition frequency must be adapted to the specific blood flow velocities of the heart region to be measured to reduce aliasing in higher velocities and to visualize blood flow of lower velocities. With the help of color Doppler imaging in the four-chamber view, typical physiological atrial and ventricular blood flow vortex formations were visualized in the avian heart for the first time. In the left ventricle an asymmetric vortex ring in the passive and active ventricular filling, in the right ventricle a great counter-clockwise blood vortex in the active ventricular filling, in the left atrium a vortex clockwise, and in the right atrium counter-clockwise were observed. The knowledge of these physiological blood flow vortices is important to identify pathological blood flow.

scholarly journals Differences between the Filling Velocities of the Left and Right Heart Ventricle in Racing Pigeons (Columba Livia F. Domestica) and the Influence of Anesthesia with Isoflurane

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Legler ◽  
Koy ◽  
Kummerfeld ◽  
Fehr
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Right Heart ◽  
Sonographic Examination ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Early Passive ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ventricular Filling ◽  
Flow Velocities

The ventricular filling velocities during diastole and the influence of isoflurane anesthesia on these blood flow velocities of the racing pigeon (n = 43) are evaluated by pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler sonography. Sonographic examination demonstrates an early passive ventricular (E wave) and late active (A wave) ventricular filling. The results indicate differences between the two heart ventricles. Especially, the E wave velocity of the right heart is significantly lower than in the left heart, which is explained by the crescent-shaped cavity of the right ventricle around the left ventricle. The faster active filling velocities are significantly influenced by heart rate in conscious birds. Anesthesia with isoflurane leads to a significant decrease of the diastolic blood flow velocities, and the A wave velocities of both ventricles are especially influenced. Anesthesia with isoflurane induces a high incidence of insufficiencies of the left atrioventricular valve in the preejection period. These observations indicate that a contraction of the left ventricle myocardium is important for a complete valvular closure and for normal functioning of this heart valve. The effective closure of the right atrioventricular muscle valve in anesthetized pigeons supports the observation of the fast innervation of this muscle valve via a direct connection to the right atrium.

scholarly journals Cutaneous leiomyosarcoma with visceral metastases in a White Carneau pigeon and literature review

2021 ◽  
pp. 104063872199206
Author(s):  
Niora J. Fabian ◽  
Michael Y. Esmail ◽  
Lauren Richey ◽  
Sureshkumar Muthupalani ◽  
Jennifer L. Haupt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Surgical Excision ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
Avian Species ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Visceral Metastases

Cutaneous leiomyosarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumors of smooth muscle origin and are reported occasionally in avian species. A 14-y-old male laboratory White Carneau pigeon ( Columba livia) was presented for surgical excision of a cervical soft tissue mass. Ultrasonography with color flow Doppler imaging revealed multiple cavitations of mixed echogenicity within the mass and vascularization. Histologically, the dermis and subcutis were expanded by a densely cellular multinodular mass comprised of fusiform cells forming haphazardly arranged broad streams and short interwoven bundles, often surrounding blood vessels and variably sized cavitations. Neoplastic cells were strongly immunopositive for desmin and α–smooth muscle actin, and negative for pancytokeratin, S100, and von Willebrand factor. Based on histopathology and IHC findings, the cutaneous mass was diagnosed as leiomyosarcoma (LMS). The pigeon died 312 d post-operatively. Postmortem examination revealed masses infiltrating the left and right pulmonary airways and one hepatic nodule, but no regrowth at the surgical site. Histologic and IHC evaluation of the pulmonary and hepatic masses were consistent with LMS, representing metastatic foci from the primary cutaneous LMS. Our case highlights the malignant behavior and histomorphologic features of cutaneous LMS in an avian species.

scholarly journals A Case of Ovarian Torsion Which Led to Abortion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athar Rasekhjahromi ◽  
Sahand Goodarzi ◽  
Navid Kalani
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Ovarian Torsion ◽  
Simultaneous Occurrence ◽  
Pelvic Ultrasound ◽  
Triplet Pregnancy ◽  
Vaginal Pain ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Right

Ovarian torsion occurs in 10%-22% of pregnant women, and miscarriage occurs in 11%-22% of all pregnancies, both of which are known as gynecological emergencies. The simultaneous occurrence of these two cases is rare. The present study reports a case of ovarian torsion and simultaneous abortion. In this case report, we present a 28-year-old woman in her third pregnancy with a history of two miscarriages. She was referred with an 18-week triplet pregnancy, vaginal pain and bleeding from the previous day, and colic abdominal pain with five episodes of nausea and vomiting. Upon admission to the hospital, despite performing cerclage at 13 weeks, labor pains begin, and 15 minutes later, the amniotic sac ruptures, and all three fetuses are expelled. Due to the persistence of colic pain and moderate tenderness in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen, pelvic ultrasound is reported, which shows an increase in echo parenchyma and the size of the right ovary compared to the left ovary. Doppler ultrasound showed decreased ovarian blood flow, which led to laparotomy with suspected ovarian torsion. The right ovarian peduncle had complete torsion, and the ovary appeared dark. The peduncle of ovarian torsion was opened and preserved. The patient was discharged two days after surgery and after re-color Doppler ultrasounds, which indicated ovarian blood flow.

Abstract 15137: Vector Flow Mapping is a Novel Useful Technique in Assessing Inertia Force of Late Systolic Aortic Flow and Left Ventricular Early Diastolic Function

Circulation ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 130 (suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuaki Wakami ◽  
Kenta Hachiya ◽  
Syunsuke Murai ◽  
Tsuyoshi Ito ◽  
Hiroshi Fujita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Time Constant ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Doppler Imaging ◽  
Inertia Force ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Flow Mapping ◽  
Vector Flow Mapping ◽  
Late Systole

Background: We previously reported that the inertia force (IF) of blood flowing out of left ventricle (LV) during late-systole produces greater LV elastic recoil force and brings faster LV relaxation. Vector flow mapping (VFM TM , Hitachi-Aloka) enables us to see blood flow velocity vectors that are generated from conventional color Doppler imaging data at any phase of cardiac cycle without angle dependency. Using VFM, kinetic energy (KE) of ejecting blood flow during systole at the LV outflow tract (LVOT) can be obtained. Thus, we investigated whether the KE obtained at the LVOT during late systole (KE-ls) had any relations with the IF and invasively obtained LV function parameters. Method: Study subjects were 33 patients who underwent diagnostic cardiac catheterization and echocardiographic examination on the same day. Color Doppler images were acquired in the apical 3-chamber view. The frame rate ranged was from 40 to 51 frames per minute. Data analyses were performed offline using the commercially available software (DAS-RS1 TM, Hitachi-Aloka). A data sampling area was set at the level just below the aortic valve in the LVOT. The KE-ls was computed as the sum of KE values computed in frame by frame basis during late-systole; late-systole was defined as the latter one-third of ejecting time. LV pressure wave was obtained using a catheter-tipped micromanometer, and then, the first derivative of LV pressure (dP/dt) and a time constant τ of LV pressure decay during isovolumic relaxation were calculated. From LV pressure-dP/dt relationships (phase loop), the IF was determined. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between the KE-ls and the IF (r=0.79, p<0.0001). The log transformed KE-ls had significant correlations with both peak negative dP/dt (r=0.53, p<0.01) and the time constant τ (r=-0.67, p<0.0001). Conclusion: VFM is a new useful technique to see blood flow in the LV chamber. Noninvasively obtained KE-ls using VFM, which may be a noninvasive surrogate for the IF, has significant correlations with the parameters of LV relaxation.

313 EVALUATION OF COLOR DOPPLER ULTRASONOGRAPHY OF THE PERIFOLLICULAR BLOOD FLOW TO PREDICT THE DEVELOPMENTAL COMPETENCE OF BOVINE CUMULUS - OOCYTE COMPLEXES COLLECTED DURING REPEATED OVUM PICK-UP SESSIONS

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
A. Hanstedt ◽  
K. Höffmann ◽  
Ä. Honnens ◽  
H. Bollwein ◽  
C. Wrenzycki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
In Vitro Production ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Color Flow Imaging ◽  
Follicle Size ◽  
Flow Changes

The population of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs) used in OPU–IVP (ovum pick-up combined with in vitro production of embryos) is largely homogeneous due to repeated sessions resulting in the elimination of dominant and atretic follicles, especially when a 3–4 day interval is used. However, on average only 20% of the COCs develop to the blastocyst stage (Merton et al. 2003 Theriogenology 59, 651–674). Different blood flow changes within the follicle wall influence the fate of the follicles, and detectable blood flow and vasculature are associated with follicle viability. Furthermore, blood flow in follicles may be involved in not only selection of the dominant follicle but also early follicular development including follicular recruitment (Miyamoto et al. 2006 J. Reprod. Dev. 52, 153–160). However, no data are available regarding the quality of the COCs collected from follicles with or without blood flow. The purpose of this study was to determine whether qualitative perifollicular blood flow changes can be used to predict the developmental competence of COCs collected during repeated OPU sessions. Lactating Holstein cows were used as oocyte donors. After dominant follicle removal, OPU was performed twice weekly employing a 7.5-MHz transducer (GE 8C-RS) of an ultrasound scanner (GE Logiq Book). Follicle size and Doppler characteristics (color flow imaging) were recorded by transvaginal ultrasonography just before COC collection. Due to technical limitations for measurement of blood flow in small individual follicles, only the presence or absence of blood flow was assessed for each follicle. When a clearly visible blue or red spot (blood flow) was detected in the follicle wall, it was considered as a follicle with detectable blood flow. Follicles with or without detectable blood flow from each individual cow were aspirated separately. After morphological classification of COCs, standard protocols for IVP were used for embryo production. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were recorded at Day 3 and Day 8, respectively. In total, 464 (246 with and 218 without detectable blood flow) follicles e3 mm were aspirated. The percentage of follicles with detectable blood flow increased depending on follicle size (3 mm: 28.7, 4 mm: 48.4, 5 mm: 50.5, 6 mm: 62.5, 7 mm: 64.8, 8 mm: 71.4, and 9 mm: 76.9). Cleavage rates for COCs stemming from follicles with or without detectable blood flow did not show differences, 45.5% (35/77) and 56.7% (38/67), respectively. The rates of blastocyst formation were also similar in COCs originating from follicles with and without detectable blood flow, 16.9% (13/77) and 14.9% (10/67), respectively. These results show that perifollicular blood flow increases during early follicular growth. Within the detection limits of this study, differences in perifollicular blood flow during repeated OPU sessions twice weekly did not seem to be predictive of oocyte competence. We acknowledge the Ruthe Research Farm, Germany, for providing the animals, and Masterrind GmbH, Germany, for donating the semen.

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