scholarly journals The Development and Application of the Urban Flood Risk Assessment Model for Reflecting upon Urban Planning Elements

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyong Park ◽  
Man-Hyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
High Flood ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Urban Flood Risk

As a city develops and expands, it is likely confronted with a variety of environmental problems. Although the impact of climate change on people has continuously increased in the past, great numbers of natural disasters in urban areas have become varied in terms of form. Among these urban disasters, urban flooding is the most frequent type, and this study focuses on urban flooding. In cities, the population and major facilities are concentrated, and to examine flooding issues in these urban areas, different levels of flooding risk are classified on 100 m × 100 m geographic grids to maximize the spatial efficiency during the flooding events and to minimize the following flooding damage. In this analysis, vulnerability and exposure tests are adopted to analyze urban flooding risks. The first method is based on land-use planning, and the building-to-land ratio. Using fuzzy approaches, the tests focus on risks. However, the latter method using the HEC-Ras model examines factors such as topology and precipitation volume. By mapping the classification of land-use and flooding, the risk of urban flooding is evaluated by grade-scales: green, yellow, orange, and red zones. There are two key findings and theoretical contributions of this study. First, the areas with a high flood risk are mainly restricted to central commercial areas where the main urban functions are concentrated. Additionally, the development density and urbanization are relatively high in these areas, in addition to the old center of urban areas. In the case of Changwon City, Euichang-gu and Seongsan-gu have increased the flood risk because of the high property value of commercial areas and high building density in these regions. Thus, land-use planning of these districts should be designed to reflect upon the different levels of flood risks, in addition to the preparation of anti-disaster facilities to mitigate flood damages in high flood risk areas. Urban flood risk analysis for individual land use districts would facilitate urban planners and managers to prioritize the areas with a high flood risk and to prepare responding preventive measures for more efficient flood management.

scholarly journals Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Floods in Lahore, Pakistan using GIS based integrated Analytical Hierarchy Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Sahar Zia ◽  
Safdar A. Shirazi ◽  
Muhammad Nasar-u-Minallah
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Risk Areas ◽  
Practical Tool ◽  
Flood Risk Mapping

Urban flooding is getting attention due to its adverse impact on urban lives in mega cities of the developing world particularly Pakistan. This study aims at finding a suitable methodology for mapping urban flooded areas to estimate urban flooding vulnerability risks in the cities of developing countries particularly Lahore, Pakistan. To detect the urban flooded vulnerability and risk areas due to natural disaster, GIS-based integrated Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is applied for the case of Lahore, which is the second most populous city and capital of the Punjab, Pakistan. For the present research, the flood risk mapping is prepared by considering these significant physical factors like elevation, slope, and distribution of rainfall, land use, density of the drainage network, and soil type. Results show that the land use factor is the most significant to detect vulnerable areas near roads and commercial areas. For instance, this method of detection is 88%, 80% and 70% accurate for roads, commercial and residential areas. The methodology implemented in the present research can provide a practical tool and techniques to relevant policy and decision-makers authorities to prioritize and actions to mitigate flood risk and vulnerabilities and identify certain vulnerable urban areas, while formulating a methodology for future urban flood risk and vulnerability mitigation through an objectively simple and organizationally secure approach. 

scholarly journals Flood Risk Index for Land-Use Changes: Case Study of Pakpanang River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Chonlatid Kittikhun ◽  
Sitang Pilailar ◽  
Suwatana Chittaladakorn ◽  
Eakawat Jhonpadit
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Flood Depth ◽  
Arc Gis

Flood Risk Index (FRI) is the multi-criteria linked with the factors of vulnerability; exposure, susceptibility, and resilience. In order to establish local FRI, crucial local information have to be accumulated. However, under the limitation of land-use data, particular techniques were applied in this study. CA Markov model was used to analyze the past missing land-use data and, also forecast the future land-use of Pakpanang river basin under conditions of plan and without plan. The ratio changes of forest, agriculture, wetland and water, and urban areas were considered. Then, the result of LULC spatial-temporal changes was then applied to Hec-HMS and Hec-Ras , with Arc GIS extension of Hec-GeoHMS and Hec-GeoRas software, in order to evaluate the flood hydrographs and flood severity in three municipalities corresponding to 100-year return period rainfall. Afterward, the FRI of Pakpanang, Chianyai, and Hua-sai, which ranges from 0 to 1, were evaluated by using the modified FRI equations. It was found that sensitivity analysis in the area of forest on flood depth and inundation areas is incoherent. Nevertheless, without land-use planning, the changes in these three cities cause higher flood risk, where Chianyai is the riskiest as the FRIE is 0.58. Further consideration of FRIE and FRIP proportion that reveals the FRI deviation indicates that to reduce flood risk, Chianyai would need the most resources and highest effort comparison to Pakpanang and Hua-sai.

scholarly journals Managing Large Geodatasets for Urban Flood Risk Mapping: The Mexican Flood Risk Atlas

10.29007/l6jd ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurent Guillaume Courty ◽  
Jose Agustín Breña-Naranjo ◽  
Adrián Pedrozo-Acuña
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Risk Mapping ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Gis Database ◽  
Flood Risk Mapping ◽  
Flood Maps ◽  
Urban Flood Risk

We present a flood risk mapping framework created in the context of the update of the Mexican flood risk atlas. This framework is based on a nation-wide GIS database of map time-series. Those maps are used as forcing for a deterministic, raster-based numerical model. For each catchment of interest, the model retrieves the data from the GIS and perform the computation on the specified area. The results are written directly in the GIS database, which facilitate their post-processing. This methodology allows 1) the generation of flood risk maps in cities located across the national territory, without too much effort in the pre and post-processing of information and 2) a very efficient process to create new flood maps for urban areas that have not been included in the original batch.

Urban Flood Risk Assessment and Development of Urban Flood Resilient Spatial Plan for Bhubaneswar

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-291
Author(s):  
Alisa Sahu ◽  
Tushar Bose ◽  
Dipak R. Samal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
Spatial Modelling ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Flood Hazards ◽  
Urban Flood

Urban flooding is growing as a serious development challenge for cities. Urbanization demands the conversion of pervious land to impervious land by pushing the transformation of water bodies, flood plains, wetlands and green spaces into built-up spaces. This affects the hydrological setting of the city’s geographic area. Bhubaneswar, one of the first planned cities of independent India, has expanded rapidly with an increase in the settlement land use cover from 41 km2 to 81 km2 in the last two decades. Non-consideration of disaster risk assessment in the land use plan has placed the city at high disaster risk. Hence, this article explores various avenues for making a flood resilient city through spatial planning. To understand the flood and its consequences, a flood hazard and vulnerability map was prepared by overlaying the existing social and infrastructure networks, and flood risk zones were generated through analytical spatial modelling in GIS. This accounts for the areas in which flood hazards are expected to occur, as well as the area whose socio-economic and infrastructure susceptibility to the disaster is more. The key outcome is to ensure urban development that can work concurrently with nature by integrating disaster risk reduction strategies into land use planning.

scholarly journals Analysis of disaster resilience of urban planning facilities on urban flooding vulnerability

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyong Park ◽  
Hoo Oh ◽  
Jeong-hun Won
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Urban Space ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Disaster Resilience ◽  
Urban Flooding ◽  
Urban Resilience ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Commercial Area

Rainfall continues to increase due to the influence of global warming and is resulting in an increase in flood damage. The purpose of this study is to propose an approach for reducing urban flood damage and improving urban resilience. Urban flooding vulnerability analysis used land use and building characteristics as evaluation indicators. Disaster resilience analysis of urban planning facilities focused on urban and spatial aspects. The results of these analyses were overlapped to analyze whether urban planning facilities were properly located in areas vulnerable to urban flooding. The result of mapping the two results showed that there are some urban planning facilities with low resilience in the Red Zone, the central commercial area of Changwon, which has the highest vulnerability. This zone should have the appropriate placement of high-resilience facilities, such as disaster prevention facilities and space facilities. This study proposes a method to minimize flood damage in urban space. This system can cope with and systematically manage flood damage by increasing disaster resilience through appropriate land use planning and site selection for urban planning facilities.

scholarly journals Climate Change Preparedness: Comparing Future Urban Growth and Flood Risk in Amsterdam and Houston

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1048 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youjung Kim ◽  
Galen Newman
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Transformation Model

Rising sea levels and coastal population growth will increase flood risk of more people and assets if land use changes are not planned adequately. This research examines the efficacy of flood protection systems and land use planning by comparing Amsterdam in the Netherlands (renown for resilience planning methods), with the city of Houston, Texas in the US (seeking ways of increasing resilience due to extreme recent flooding). It assesses flood risk of future urban growth in lieu of sea level rise using the Land Transformation Model, a Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based Artificial Neural Network (ANN) land use prediction tool. Findings show that Houston has currently developed much more urban area within high-risk flood-prone zones compared to Amsterdam. When comparing predicted urban areas under risk, flood-prone future urban areas in Amsterdam are also relatively smaller than Houston. Finally, the increased floodplain when accounting for sea level rise will impact existing and future urban areas in Houston, but do not increase risk significantly in Amsterdam. The results suggest that the protective infrastructure used in the Netherlands has protected its future urban growth from sea level rise more adequately than has Houston.

scholarly journals Land Use Vulnerability towards the Flood Risk in Surakarta City

2019 ◽  
Vol 280 ◽  
pp. 01011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Miladan ◽  
Feira Ariani ◽  
Shifa Nurul Indah Pertiwi ◽  
Raafi Setiawan ◽  
Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Urban Flood ◽  
Economic Assets

Urban flood risk is one of the frequent disasters in Indonesiancities. It causes the urban vulnerabilities including urban land use, community socio-economic assets, urban infrastructures and buildings. The massive urban land use changes will lead to the increase of flood riskif those changes do not manage properly. In other side, the increase offlood risk is also caused by the land use vulnerability. The assessment ofland use vulnerability on flood risk is an important element to identify theurban socio economic losses. Furthermore, the understanding of land usevulnerability could be an essential aspect for the urban land use plansrelating to the process of urban planning. This study has purpose to assessthe vulnerability of land use on flood risk in Surakarta City. This city hasseveral rivers flowing inside urban areas, and often, the flood occurrencestook place due to overflows of those rivers. This research used thedeductive approach. The data and information provided by the institutionaldocuments, and field observation. The result of the research indicated thatthe hazard level has more influence than the land use vulnerability level inthe calculation of flood risk. Furthermore, it demonstrated that the land usevulnerability level is not certainly linier correlated to the risk level.

IMPACTS OF URBAN LAND USE ON CRIME PATTERNS THROUGH GIS APPLICATION

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Nazri Muhamad Ludin ◽  
Norsiah Abd. Aziz ◽  
Nooraini Hj Yusoff ◽  
Wan Juliyana Wan Abd Razak
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Urban Land ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Land Use Patterns

Land use planning plays a crucial role in creating a balance between the needs of society, physical development and the ecosystem. However, most often poor planning and displacement of land uses particularly in urban areas contribute to social ills such as drug abuse and criminal activities. This research explains the spatial relationship of drug abuse and other criminal activities on urban land use planning and their implications on the society at large. Spatial statistics was used to show patterns, trends and spatial relationships of crimes and land use planning. Data on crime incidents were obtained from the Royal Malaysia Police Department whilst cases of drug abuse were collected from the National Anti-Drug Agency (AADK). Analysis of the data together with digital land use maps produced by Arnpang Jaya Municipal Council, showed the distribution of crime incidents and drug abuse in the area. Findings of the study also indicated that, there was a strong relationship between petty crimes, drng abuse and land use patterns. These criminal activities tend to concentrate in residential and commercial areas of the study area.

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