Soil Texture Distribution for East Wasit Province, Iraq

Soil texture affects many physical and chemical properties of soil. Knowledge of soil texture is essential for all water and soil studies. The aim of the research is to draw a map of the spatial distribution of soil texture in the region of eastern Wasit province and know the relationship of texture to the soil’s hydrological groups. Laboratory tests were conducted on 25 soil samples. With a depth of 50-75 cm, were selected from locations that represent the study area. According to the unified classification system, The results showed that the soil texture for the samples locations was 40% sand, 16% for both silt loam and sandy loam, 12% for loamy sand, 8% for both sandy clay loam and sandy loam. A soil texture classification map was produced for the study area. The first soil texture map for the area differs significantly from the World Food and Agriculture Organization soil texture classification map. It adopts signed tests of the site. The statistical analysis showed that the per cent sand’s standard deviation was 22.65%, silt 19.247%, and 6.416% clay. It turns out that 52% of the soil models from hydrologic group A, 24% from hydrologic group B and 24% from hydrologic group C, Arc GIS software was used to produce maps.

Monitoring of Land Degradation in Alluvial Plain in Iraq by Using Geomatics Techniques

Iraq faces a major environmental problem represented by severe deterioration, which threatens its food security. Many natural and human factors combine to make it, and it has dire environmental, economic, social and cultural consequences, most notably the loss of productive lands, the movement of sand dunes, severe sand and dust storms, and the resulting increase in air pollution. This study attempts to identify the development of the problem, analyze its causes and consequences, and propose a number of solutions to address it. In this article Remote Sensing techniques have been used to monitoring land degradation in ( Alluvial Plain ) of Iraq for the stage (1976 - 2021) using different sources of data such as satellite images (Landsat 1-5 MSS 1976, Landsat 5 1996 TM, Landsat8 2016 and sentinel 2 2021), also more than one software was used such as ENVI 5.3 and Erdas image 2015 to extract information from above images, Erdas imagine 2015 was use to sub set area of study, layer stack, merge resolution and classification stage, Arc GIS 10.7 use to make database and maps production), the article used supervise and unsupervised classification techniques to obtain the results, the article indicated that there is a big problem in the year 1976, this problem almost disappeared in the second station of work 1996, but it returned back after that through the results for the years 2016 and 2021. Finally, the article found a deterioration in the soil class during the stages from 2016 (988.547 Km2) to 2021(1342.398 Km2) and a decrease in the area of vegetation cover from (1931.596 Km2) in (2016) to (1632.695 Km2) in (2021).

THE NATURAL AND MIGRATORY MOVEMENT OF THE RURAL POPULATION OF THE BANAT MOUNTAINS (1993-2016)

The article is based on the study of population dynamics in the rural area of the Banat Mountains. The study period ranged from 1993 to 2016. The aim of the paper was to observe the numerical evolution of the population and to make calculations on the evolution of some demographic indicators. Demographic indicators such as the natality, mortality, natural growth, natural, migratory movement and migratory growth of communes have been analyzed over the period mentioned. A first objective was to physically and then administratively delineate the Banat Mountains. The second objective was to obtain the necessary numerical data, then to process the data for each indicator. Data processing resulted in a series of indicator rates, and in addition, graphs were developed with the numerical evolution of newborns and deaths. The numerical data on the number of newborns and deaths were taken from the website of the National Institute of Statistics. There have been introduced in the Microsoft Excel 2013 program a few graphs. Also, through Microsoft Excel 2013, rates for demographic indicators were calculated, and then the results obtained were introduced into Arc Gis version 10.3. Finally, a series of maps on the territorial distribution of values for each indicator was generated.

Trend and gender-based association of the Bangladeshi student suicide during the COVID-19 pandemic: a GIS-based nationwide distribution

Background: Students are one of the most vulnerable groups to suicide. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, a Bangladeshi study was conducted assessing their suicide patterns regarding gender-based associations. But how has the pandemic changed the Bangladeshi students’ suicide patterns is not studied yet, which is investigated herein. Besides, for the first time, this study provides GIS-based distribution of suicide cases across the country’s administrative district. Methods: As Bangladesh has no suicide surveillance system, this study utilized media reporting suicide cases following the prior studies. A total of 127 students’ suicide cases from March 2020 to March 2021 were finally analyzed after eliminating the duplicate ones, and data were synthesized following the prior studies. Arc-GIS was also used to distribute the suicide cases across the administrative district. Results: Results revealed that female (72.4%; n = 92/127) was more prone to die by suicide than males. About 42.5% of the cases were aged between 14 and 18 years (mean age 16.44 ± 3.512 years). The most common method of suicide was hanging (79.5%; n = 101), whereas relationship complexities (15.7%), being emotional (12.6%), not getting the desired one (11%), conflict with a family member (9.4%), academic failure (9.4%), mental health problem (8.7%), sexual complexities (6.3%), scolded or forbidden by parents (3.9%) were the prominent suicide causalities. In respect to gender and suicide patterns, only the suicide stressor was significantly distributed, whereas the method of suicide was significantly associated with GIS-based distribution. However, a higher number of suicide cases was documented in the capital (i.e. Dhaka) and the northern region than in its surrounding districts. Conclusions: The findings reported herein are assumed to be helpful to identify the gender-based suicide patterns and suicide-prone regions in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic to initiate suicide prevention programs of the risky students.

Characterization and assessment of water quality in mountainous sub-basins on the Manhuaçu River, MG

The objective of this chapter is to carry out an analysis of the water quality of six different sites in the Manhuaçu River basin and to propose measures for the saved sites. Changes in land cover occur and can cause degradation of the landscape. Hydrographic data selected by IBGE and IEDE level curves on a scale of 1: 50,000 were used and performed on MDEHC using Arc GIS software. Six different locations were collected in the field in the Manhuaçu River basin in February 2019. The records provided by SAAE Manhuaçu were also used. How the analyzes were evaluated and using a Water Quality Index (IQA) for the saved locations. As sub-basins Córrego Bom Jesus, Rio Manhuaçu and Rio São Luis lowered low values of dissolved oxygen with values of 0.0; 2.3 and 2.5 mg l-1, respectively. Córrego Bom Jesus had the lowest IQA value, followed by Rio Manhuaçu and Rio São Luis with values of 36.69; 44.92 and 47.84 values considered ruins. High levels of pesticides were not detected in surface waters. The product of coffee plantations close to water courses and a potential contamination by pesticides are of concern, and it is necessary to increase a protected area in the riparian zone.

Analyzing the health risk assessment of particles in Isfahan Steel Company by AERMOD model

Introduction: One of the effects of air pollution in the community was increasing mortality rate. Determination of contamination was the first step in improving the existing conditions. Therefore, the way of pollutants distribution and the timing and spatial changes were important. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of Parental Emissions (PE) of Isfahan Steel company using AERMOD. Materials and methods: In this research, the distribution of suspended particles of the Isfahan Steel company were modeled in the AERMOD for 1 h, 24 h and yearly average (30×30 km2), then the comparison of the average concentrations modeled with air standards clean country and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regional risk maps were provided in Arc GIS. Results: The prediction of the distribution of 24-h mean concentrations indicated that the maximum value for the 24-h average was equal to 8.52 EPA and 25.25 times, the standard Iran's clean air. Also, the prediction of the distribution of average annual concentrations indicated that the maximum value for the average annual time was 91.1 times, the EPA standard and 4.78% higher than Iran's clean air standard. Conclusion: Health risk maps show that the risk spot was not regional in the direction of the region's wind and topography of the region was the main factor in the distribution of risky spots in the region. Legitimate use of the AERMOD could be useful in managing, controlling, and evaluating air pollutants especially in industrial units of the country.

Census Mapping in India and Role of GIS: A Look Ahead at Census 2021

The 2021 Census of India for over 1.3 billion population deploying 3 million enumerators, has significant evidence value for 71 countries where census is scheduled during 2021. Census mapping plays a major role in accurate, complete and timely census. It delineates the exact and correct boundaries of all the administrative units. The Indian census has been using Geographic Information System (GIS) technologies over the last three censuses. In this study, we focus on the applications and methodologies being adopted for the census mapping in Census 2021 in India which is going to be the first digital Census of India. Five mobile apps have been developed for data collection and for map-related work. The 2021 Indian census utilises the latest census mapping techniques, namely standardisation of GIS spatial database design, geo-referencing of administrative units and latest mobile mapping application (Arc GIS Quick Capture) for field operations and built-up area digitisation work. We also discuss the various challenges and their solutions for census mapping in India, most prominently a high quality, updated, comprehensive and geo-referenced address registry for accurate data collection and mapping, and the use of geo-referenced high-resolution satellite images at village level for covering the gaps in rural boundary maps.

Analisis Pola Spasial dan Faktor Pemilihan Lokasi Minimarket di Kabupaten Klaten

Perilaku belanja sebagian besar masyarakat terus meningkat. Kenyamanan dan kepraktisan mampu membuat masyarakat memilih minimarket sebagai tempat pusat perbelanjaan. Minimarket merupakan pasar swalayan dengan ukuran antara 300-500 m2 dengan jumlah item barang yang dijual cukup besar dan menerapkan system pengambilan barang sendiri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pola spasial lokasi minimarket dan menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi lokasi persebaran minimarket melalui variabel demografi dan jangkauan pelayanan minimarket di Kabupaten Klaten. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan tiga metode yakni observasi lapangan, observasi data sekunder dan dokumentasi. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini digunakan teknik analisis tetangga terdekat (ANN) dengan bantuan aplikasi Arc GIS 10,3. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah pola spasial sebaran lokasi minimarket di Kabupaten Klaten adalah mengelompok. Adapun faktor pemilihan lokasi dilihat dari segi demografis dan jangkauan pelayanan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pembangunan minimarket yang jaraknya berdekatan satu sama lain menyebabkan pola sebaran minimarket mengelompok (clustered). Faktor pemilihan lokasi minimarket dipengaruhi oleh variabel demografi dan jangkauan pelayanan. Faktor demografi yaitu semakin padat penduduknya maka peluang pembangunan minimarket semakin besar. Faktor jangkauan pelayanan belum mampu melayani daerah Kabupaten Klaten dengan radius 300 meter per unit minimarket.