scholarly journals Improving the Autonomy of a Mid-Drive Motor Electric Bicycle Based on System Efficiency Maps and Its Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Ivan Arango ◽  
Carlos Lopez ◽  
Alejandro Ceren
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Drive Motor ◽  
Electric Bicycle ◽  
Chain Transmission ◽  
Battery Energy ◽  
Efficiency Map

Around the world, the e-bike has evolved from a recreational and sports object to an increasingly used means of transportation. Due to this, improving aspects such as range and energy efficiency has become very relevant. This article presents experimental models for the components’ efficiency of a mid-drive motor e-bike (charger; battery; and controller, motor, and reduction gears subsystem), and integrates them with previously elaborated models for the chain transmission system, thus generating an overall efficiency map of the e-bike. The range of the electric bicycle is analyzed by integrating the efficiency map of the system and its performance mathematical model, aiming to determine the per unit of distance battery energy consumption. The above-mentioned calculations are applied to develop a management strategy that can determine the optimal assistance level and chain transmission ratio, maximizing range and leaving speed unaffected. The driving strategy was compared against other driving techniques using computational analysis, this allowed for the observation of the proposed strategy improving the system’s range by reducing the battery energy consumption.

scholarly journals Combined Energy and Process Simulation to Foster Efficiency in Non-automated Material Handling System Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Patrick Fekete ◽  
Sirirat Lim ◽  
Steve Martin ◽  
Katja Kuhn ◽  
Nick Wright
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Material Handling ◽  
Data Generation ◽  
Material Handling System ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Handling System ◽  
Automated Material Handling System ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Automated Material Handling ◽  
Battery Energy

Energy and resource efficiency are becoming more and more important objectives in industrial companies, so that it has also become relevant to material handling as part of the lean strategy in supply chain management. The design of sustainable, energy efficient material handling systems and processes depends on methods and tools that analyse and evaluate the composition of the technologies and processes of the system. Therefore analysis on detailed data on energy consumption, energy supply and process organisation is required to improve overall system efficiency. This study proposes a novel approach to energy data generation based on Standardised Energy Consuming Activities (SECA). Simulating process energy consumption and consumption behaviour based on process function investigations increases knowledge about the sequence and characteristics of energy consumption and its process allocation. Executing the research project Usable Battery Energy of the material handling equipment was identified to be gradable by 25% to 43% in order to increase equipment availability and thus system efficiency. In the performed case study a system range extension of 19% to 33% was reached by the implementation of a fast engaging charging system using process related idle times. Generally applicable data is required for the design of a scalable simulation to enable the identification of requirements to the design of non-automated material handling system components. The proposed framework forms the basis necessary for the derivation and evaluation of technical and organisational improvement of system efficiency with respect to energy, ecological and economic objectives.

scholarly journals Multi-Objective Energy Management and Charging Strategy for Electric Bus Fleets in Cities Using Various ECO Strategies

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 7865
Author(s):  
Mohammed Mahedi Hasan ◽  
Nikos Avramis ◽  
Mikaela Ranta ◽  
Andoni Saez-de-Ibarra ◽  
Mohamed El Baghdadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Optimization Technique ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Eco Features

The paper presents use case simulations of fleets of electric buses in two cities in Europe, one with a warm Mediterranean climate and the other with a Northern European (cool temperate) climate, to compare the different climatic effects of the thermal management strategy and charging management strategy. Two bus routes are selected in each city, and the effects of their speed, elevation, and passenger profiles on the energy and thermal management strategy of vehicles are evaluated. A multi-objective optimization technique, the improved Simple Optimization technique, and a “brute-force” Monte Carlo technique were employed to determine the optimal number of chargers and charging power to minimize the total cost of operation of the fleet and the impact on the grid, while ensuring that all the buses in the fleet are able to realize their trips throughout the day and keeping the battery SoC within the constraints designated by the manufacturer. A mix of four different types of buses with different battery capacities and electric motor specifications constitute the bus fleet, and the effects that they have on charging priority are evaluated. Finally, different energy management strategies, including economy (ECO) features, such as ECO-comfort, ECO-driving, and ECO-charging, and their effects on the overall optimization are investigated. The single bus results indicate that 12 m buses have a significant battery capacity, allowing for multiple trips within their designated routes, while 18 m buses only have the battery capacity to allow for one or two trips. The fleet results for Barcelona city indicate an energy requirement of 4.42 GWh per year for a fleet of 36 buses, while for Gothenburg, the energy requirement is 5 GWh per year for a fleet of 20 buses. The higher energy requirement in Gothenburg can be attributed to the higher average velocities of the bus routes in Gothenburg, compared to those of the bus routes in Barcelona city. However, applying ECO-features can reduce the energy consumption by 15% in Barcelona city and by 40% in Gothenburg. The significant reduction in Gothenburg is due to the more effective application of the ECO-driving and ECO-charging strategies. The application of ECO-charging also reduces the average grid load by more than 10%, while shifting the charging towards non-peak hours. Finally, the optimization process results in a reduction of the total fleet energy consumption of up to 30% in Barcelona city, while in Gothenburg, the total cost of ownership of the fleet is reduced by 9%.

scholarly journals Electrified Powertrain with Multiple Planetary Gears and Corresponding Energy Management Strategy

Vehicles ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-356
Author(s):  
Daizy Rajput ◽  
Jose M. Herreros ◽  
Mauro S. Innocente ◽  
Joschka Schaub ◽  
Arash M. Dizqah
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Mode Selection ◽  
Optimal Operation ◽  
Fourth Generation ◽  
Selection Strategy ◽  
Energy Management Strategy ◽  
Planetary Gears

Modern hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) like the fourth generation of Toyota Prius incorporate multiple planetary gears (PG) to interconnect various power components. Previous studies reported that increasing the number of planetary gears from one to two reduces energy consumption. However, these studies did not compare one PG and two PGs topologies at their optimal operation. Moreover, the size of the powertrain components are not the same and hence the source of reduction in energy consumption is not clear. This paper investigates the effect of the number of planetary gears on energy consumption under optimal operation of the powertrain components. The powertrains with one and two PGs are considered and an optimal simultaneous torque distribution and mode selection strategy is proposed. The proposed energy management strategy (EMS) optimally distributes torque demands amongst the power components whilst also controlling clutches (i.e., mode selection). Results show that increasing from one to two PGs reduces energy consumption by 4%.

scholarly journals Packet-based nonlinear battery energy consumption optimizing for WSNs nodes

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 20140167-20140167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rui Hou ◽  
Mingming Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Battery Energy

A computational analysis on energy consumption of a Ryerson building

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adnan Naeem.
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Operating Costs ◽  
Indoor Temperature ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Repair Costs ◽  
Building Load ◽  
High Level ◽  
Storey Building

This project analyses the energy consumption of 44 Gerrard St. East. This site is primarily used as the Ryerson University Theatre School and it consists of four classrooms, seventeen offices, six studios, and two theatre auditoriums. Since it is a three-storey building, plus a basement, thus, the energy level for this building is supposed to be moderate. However, because it is an old structure, constructed back in the early 1940s, this building seemingly has considerable energy consumption. The main objective of this energy assessment is to reduce the building load. This goal can be achieved by simplifying and controlling certain parameters that directly and indirectly involve energy consumption. For example, indoor temperature and relative humidity can be maintained at low level in winter and at high level in summer. In addition, monitoring heat loss, heat gain, infiltrations through the building surrounds, and the level of illumination for various types of lights helps to reduce overall energy consumption. Several other factors such as operating costs, maintenance costs, and repair costs influence the energy management of the site. With the help of energy management software, eQUEST, the structure, outlook of all the walls, windows, roof and the type of HVAC system can be developed for analysis. Through eQUEST, various tasks such as heat transfer involvement, energy consumption load calculations and load balancing in comparison with energy saving guidelines will be discussed in detail.

scholarly journals 1 DESIGN OF MODULAR ARCHITECTURE FOR EV AND HEV FOR PASSENGER CARS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Midhun Muraleedharan ◽  
◽  
Amitabh Das ◽  
Dr. Mohammad Rafiq Agrewale ◽  
Dr. K.C. Vora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Modular Architecture ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Vehicle Performance ◽  
Matlab Simulink ◽  
System Designer ◽  
Battery Energy

Hybridization is important to obtain the advantages of both the engine and motor as the sources of propulsion. This paper discusses the effect of hybridization of powertrain on vehicle performance. The Hybrid architectures are differentiated on the basis percentage of power dependency on the engine and motor. Passenger car with hybridization ratios of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% are modelled on MATLAB/Simulink using the backward facing approach with the engine and motor specifications remaining constant. The hybridizations ratios and the energy consumption in terms of fuel and battery energy are obtained from the model and compared. Neural network is implemented to determine the fuel consumption. The outputs can be used by a system designer to determine a desirable hybridization factor based on the requirements dictated by the specific application.

scholarly journals Design and evalution of a solar PV system

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Imad Jawad Khadim
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
System Efficiency ◽  
Performance Parameters ◽  
Solar Pv ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Electricity Grid ◽  
Average System ◽  
Solar Pv System ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption

PV connected systems are worldwide installed because it allows consumer to reduce energy consumption from the electricity grid. This paper presents the results obtained from monitoring a 1.1 kWp. The system was monitored for nine months and all the electricity generated was fed to the fifth floor for physics and renewable energy building   220 V, 50 Hz. Monthly, and daily performance parameters of the PV system are evaluated which include: average generated of system Ah per day, average system efficiency, solar irradiation around these months. The average generated kWh per day was 8 kWh/day, the average solar irradiation per day was 5.6 kWh/m2/day, the average inverter efficiency was 95%, the average modules efficiency was 12%.

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