Lower serum magnesium concentration is associated with diabetes, insulin resistance, and obesity in South Asian and white Canadian women but not men

ObjectivesMagnesium has been ‘the forgotten ion’ for many years. Over the past decade, however, the role of magnesium in essential physiological functions and several illness conditions have been elucidated. Nevertheless, the investigation of magnesium in cats with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nephrolithiasis is yet to be determined. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether CKD cats with nephrolithiasis have changes in total serum magnesium concentrations, and whether magnesium disorders may be associated with other electrolyte disturbances, as well as with prognosis. We also aimed to evaluate whether total serum magnesium concentration differs between CKD cats with and without nephrolithiasis.MethodsTotal serum magnesium concentrations were assessed in 42 cats with CKD with stage 1–4 nephrolithiasis. The correlation between magnesium and other electrolytes, as well as Kaplan–Meier survival analysis, were performed. We also selected 14 control cats with CKD without nephrolithiasis age-matched with 14 cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis.ResultsHypermagnesemia was observed in 16/42 (38.1%) and hypomagnesemia in 6/42 (14.3%) cats. Serum magnesium abnormalities were observed in cats of all stages, and marked hypermagnesemia was noted in cats with stage 4 CKD with nephrolithiasis ( P <0.001). There was a negative correlation between total serum magnesium and ionized calcium ( r = −0.64; P <0.01), and a positive correlation between total serum magnesium and serum phosphorus ( r = 0.58, P = 0.01). Cats with CKD with nephrolithiasis and hypomagnesemia or hypermagnesemia had higher mortality than those with normal total serum magnesium concentration ( P <0.01), regardless of CKD stage. There was no difference in total serum magnesium concentration between CKD cats with and without nephrolithiasis.Conclusions and relevanceCats with CKD with nephrolithiasis have magnesium abnormalities. Hypomagnesemia and hypermagnesemia were associated with an increase in mortality, and thus total serum magnesium abnormalities may be used as prognostic factors in these cases.

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Lower Serum Magnesium Concentrations are associated With Specific Heavy Drinking Markers, Pro-Inflammatory Response and Early-Stage Alcohol-associated Liver Injury§

Alcohol and Alcoholism ◽

10.1093/alcalc/agaa001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 55 (2) ◽

pp. 164-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Vatsalya Vatsalya ◽

Khushboo S Gala ◽

Maithili Mishra ◽

Melanie L Schwandt ◽

John Umhau ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Liver Injury ◽

Mineral Metabolism ◽

Early Stage ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Magnesium Concentration ◽

Lower Serum ◽

Biochemical Evidence

Abstract Aim Chronic heavy alcohol intake frequently causes liver inflammation/injury, and altered mineral metabolism may be involved in this liver pathology. In this study, we evaluated the association of heavy drinking, changes in serum magnesium levels and biochemical evidence of liver injury in alcohol-use-disorder (AUD) patients who had no clinical signs or symptoms of liver injury. We also aimed to identify any sex-based differences in patients with mild or no biochemical evidence of liver injury induced by heavy drinking. Methods 114 heavy drinking alcohol-dependent (AD) female and male patients aged 21–65 years without clinical manifestations of liver injury, who were admitted to an alcohol treatment program, were grouped by alanine aminotransaminase (ALT) levels: ≤ 40 IU/L, as no liver injury (GR.1), and ALT>40 IU/L as mild liver injury (GR.2). Patients were actively drinking until the day of admission. Comprehensive metabolic biochemistry results, fatty acid panel, serum magnesium and drinking history data were collected at admission; and study-specific measures were evaluated. Results In all AD patients, lower magnesium was significantly associated with the heavy drinking marker and heavy drinking days past 90 days (HDD90). A lower serum magnesium concentration was observed in AD patients with mild liver injury. Females of both groups had mean levels of magnesium in the deficient range. A clinically significant drop in magnesium levels was observed only in the GR.2 (mild liver injury) male AD patients. Females showed a significant association between low magnesium levels and the ω6:ω3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ratio. Conclusions Specific heavy drinking markers showed an association with lower magnesium levels. Low serum magnesium levels are common in subjects with AUD and appear to be associated with the onset of liver injury.

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Serum Magnesium Concentration Is Inversely Associated with Albuminuria and Retinopathy among Patients with Diabetes

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2016/1260141 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jun Lu ◽

Yuying Gu ◽

Meixiang Guo ◽

Peihong Chen ◽

Hongtao Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microvascular Complications ◽

Serum Magnesium ◽

Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Albumin Excretion Rate ◽

Normal Serum ◽

Fundus Photography ◽

Magnesium Concentration ◽

Serum Magnesium Concentration ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

Diabetic Microvascular Complications

Aim. To investigate the association between serum magnesium levels and microvascular complications among patients with diabetes.Methods. Patients with diabetes were recruited between April 2012 and January 2015. All patients received an assay of serum magnesium concentration, were screened for 24 h albumin excretion rate, and underwent nonmydriatic fundus photography. Albuminuria and retinopathy were defined accordingly. A total of 3,100 patients with normal serum magnesium levels were included in this study.Results. Patients with albuminuria and/or retinopathy had lower levels of serum magnesium than patients without these complications (P<0.001). The prevalence of isolated albuminuria, isolated retinopathy, and combined albuminuria and retinopathy decreased as the concentration of serum magnesium increased. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds ratio for isolated albuminuria, isolated retinopathy, and concomitant albuminuria and retinopathy decreased by approximately 20% for every 0.1 mmol/L increase in serum magnesium concentration.Conclusion. Serum magnesium levels were negatively associated with the risk of diabetic microvascular complications among patients with serum magnesium levels within the normal range.

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