An estimate of the interhemispheric transfer of carbon monoxide from tropical general circulation data

Abstract. We present decadal trend estimates of surface carbon monoxide (CO), simulated using the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy (EMAC) based on the emission scenarios, Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 for anthropogenic activity and Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) v3.1 for biomass burning from 2001 through 2010. The spatial distribution of the modelled surface CO is evaluated with monthly Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) thermal infrared product. The global means of correlation coefficient and relative bias for the 2001–2010 are 0.95 and −4.29%, respectively. We also find a reasonable correlation (R = 0.78) between the trends of EMAC surface CO and full 10 year monthly records from ground-based observation (World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases, WDCGG). Over Western Europe, Eastern USA, and Northern Australia, the significant decreases of EMAC surface CO are estimated at −35.5 ± 5.8, −59.6 ± 9.1, and −13.7 ± 9.5 ppbv decade−1, respectively, with a 95% confidence interval. In contrast, the surface CO increases by +8.9 ± 4.8 ppbv decade−1 over South Asia. A high correlation (R = 0.92) between the significant changes in EMAC-simulated surface CO and total emission flux shows that the significant regional trends are attributed to the changes in primary/direct emissions from both anthropogenic activity and biomass burning. In particular, increasing trends of surface hydroxyl radical (OH) partially contribute to the decreasing trends of surface CO in Western Europe and Eastern USA.

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The oceanic cycle of carbon monoxide and its emissions to the atmosphere

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-16-881-2019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 881-902 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ludivine Conte ◽

Sophie Szopa ◽

Roland Séférian ◽

Laurent Bopp

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

General Circulation ◽

Global Scale ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Global Emission ◽

Chemical Models ◽

Ecosystem Studies ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide ◽

A Minor

Abstract. The ocean is a source of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO), a key component for the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. It constitutes a minor source at the global scale, but could play an important role far from continental anthropized emission zones. To date, this natural source is estimated with large uncertainties, especially because the processes driving the oceanic CO are related to the biological productivity and can thus have a large spatial and temporal variability. Here we use the NEMO-PISCES (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean, Pelagic Interaction Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies) ocean general circulation and biogeochemistry model to dynamically assess the oceanic CO budget and its emission to the atmosphere at the global scale. The main biochemical sources and sinks of oceanic CO are explicitly represented in the model. The sensitivity to different parameterizations is assessed. In combination to the model, we present here the first compilation of literature reported in situ oceanic CO data, collected around the world during the last 50 years. The main processes driving the CO concentration are photoproduction and bacterial consumption and are estimated to be 19.1 and 30.0 Tg C yr−1 respectively with our best-guess modeling setup. There are, however, very large uncertainties on their respective magnitude. Despite the scarcity of the in situ CO measurements in terms of spatiotemporal coverage, the proposed best simulation is able to represent most of the data (∼300 points) within a factor of 2. Overall, the global emissions of CO to the atmosphere are 4.0 Tg C yr−1, in the range of recent estimates, but are very different from those published by Erickson in (1989), which were the only gridded global emission available to date. These oceanic CO emission maps are relevant for use by atmospheric chemical models, especially to study the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere above the remote ocean.

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The climatology of carbon monoxide and water vapor on Mars as observed by CRISM and modeled by the GEM-Mars general circulation model

Icarus ◽

10.1016/j.icarus.2017.09.027 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 301 ◽

pp. 117-131 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Michael D. Smith ◽

Frank Daerden ◽

Lori Neary ◽

Alain Khayat

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

Water Vapor ◽

General Circulation Model ◽

General Circulation ◽

Circulation Model

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The oceanic cycle of carbon monoxide and its emissions to the atmosphere

10.5194/bg-2018-410 ◽

2018 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ludivine Conte ◽

Sophie Szopa ◽

Roland Séférian ◽

Laurent Bopp

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

General Circulation ◽

Global Scale ◽

Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽

Global Emission ◽

Ecosystem Studies ◽

Spatio Temporal ◽

Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide ◽

A Minor

Abstract. The ocean is a source of atmospheric carbon monoxide (CO), a key component for the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere. It constitutes a minor source at the global scale, but could play an important role far from continental anthropized emission zones. To date, this natural source is estimated with large uncertainties, especially because the processes driving the oceanic CO are related to the biological productivity and can thus have a large spatial and temporal variability. Here we use the NEMO-PISCES (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean, Pelagic Interaction Scheme for Carbon and Ecosystem Studies) ocean general circulation and biogeochemistry model to dynamically assess the oceanic CO budget and its emission to the atmosphere at the global scale. The main bio-chemical sources and sinks of oceanic CO are explicitly represented in the model. The sensitivity to different parameterizations is assessed. In combination to the model, we present here the first compilation of literature reported in situ oceanic CO data, collected around the world during the last 50 years. The main processes driving the CO concentration are photoproduction and bacterial consumption and are estimated to 19.2 and 21.9 Tg C yr−1 respectively with our best-guess modelling setup. There are however very large uncertainties on their respective magnitude. Despite the scarcity of the in situ CO measurements in terms of spatio-temporal coverage, the proposed best simulation is able to represent most of the data (~ 300 points) within a factor of two. Overall, the global emissions of CO to the atmosphere are 3.6 Tg C yr−1, in the range of recent estimates, but very different from the ones published by Erickson in 1989, which were the only gridded global emission available to date. These oceanic CO emission maps are relevant for use by atmospheric chemical models, especially to study the oxidizing capacity of the atmosphere above the remote ocean.

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Model-simulated trend of surface carbon monoxide for the 2001–2010 decade

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics ◽

10.5194/acp-14-10465-2014 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 14 (19) ◽

pp. 10465-10482 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

J. Yoon ◽

A. Pozzer

Keyword(s):

Carbon Monoxide ◽

General Circulation Model ◽

Biomass Burning ◽

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

General Circulation ◽

Western Europe ◽

Circulation Model ◽

Anthropogenic Activity ◽

Surface Carbon ◽

Fire Emissions

Abstract. We present decadal trend estimates of surface carbon monoxide (CO) simulated using the atmospheric chemistry general circulation model ECHAM5/MESSy (EMAC; ECHAM5 and MESSy stand for fifth-generation European Centre Hamburg general circulation model and Modular Earth Submodel System, respectively) based on the emission scenarios Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 8.5 for anthropogenic activity and Global Fire Emissions Database (GFED) v3.1 for biomass burning from 2001 through 2010. The spatial distribution of the modeled surface CO is evaluated with monthly data from the Measurements Of Pollution In The Troposphere (MOPITT) thermal infrared product. The global means of correlation coefficient and relative bias for the decade 2001–2010 are 0.95 and −4.29%, respectively. We also find a reasonable correlation (R = 0.78) between the trends of EMAC surface CO and full 10-year monthly records from ground-based observation (World Data Centre for Greenhouse Gases, WDCGG). Over western Europe, eastern USA, and northern Australia, the significant decreases in EMAC surface CO are estimated at −35.5 ± 5.8, −59.6 ± 9.1, and −13.7 ± 9.5 ppbv decade−1, respectively. In contrast, the surface CO increases by +8.9 ± 4.8 ppbv decade−1 over southern Asia. A high correlation (R = 0.92) between the changes in EMAC-simulated surface CO and total emission flux shows that the significant regional trends are attributed to the changes in primary and direct emissions from both anthropogenic activity and biomass burning.

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