Ergonomics of the thermal environment. Estimation of the thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of a clothing ensemble

1995 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Evaporative Resistance

scholarly journals Inter-laboratory proficiency tests in measuring thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of clothing using the Newton-type thermal manikin

2016 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Młynarczyk ◽  
George Havenith ◽  
Jean Léonard ◽  
Rui Martins ◽  
Simon Hodder
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchange ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Proficiency Tests ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Vapor Transfer ◽  
Important Barrier ◽  
Wet Heat

Clothing acts as an important barrier for heat and vapor transfer between the human body and the environment. Parameters that could describe that transfer include, inter alia, thermal insulation (the so-called dry heat exchange) and evaporative resistance (the so-called wet heat exchange). Once the above-mentioned parameters are determined, it is possible to consciously adapt clothing ensembles to the existing thermal environment in the workplace. In order to validate the mentioned method of thermal insulation and evaporative resistance measurements, proficiency tests (PTs) were organized. The main goal of the PT was to compare thermal insulation and evaporative resistance for one set of clothing using the Newton-type thermal manikin. In total, four laboratories participated in the PT study. The reference value of the thermal insulation ( It) and evaporative resistance ( Ret) were calculated as the mean of all the results. The assessment criteria included permissible errors for thermal insulation and evaporative resistance measurements, which were 4% and 10%, respectively. Calculations included, inter alia, z-scores and indicators, such as the inter-laboratory coefficient of variation or the reproducibility limit. The results contribute to the worldwide discussion on standardized studies of evaporative resistance of clothing.

Study on the Thermal Performance of the Vernacular Dwellings in Wei-He Plain of Shaanxi Province

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1589-1595
Author(s):  
Yi Ping Zhu ◽  
Xi Liao ◽  
Shu Yun Wu ◽  
Jing Luo ◽  
Yuan Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Shaanxi Province ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Questionnaire Surveys

Based on indoor thermal environment test and questionnaire surveys, the paper studies on thermal insulation capacity and indoor thermal environment of the vernacular dwellings in Wei-he Plain of Shaanxi Province, China, and analyses their heating methods and application status. Besides, the popularity of sustainable techniques in local area has been evaluated and summarized. Moreover, the paper discusses the present problems in local indoor thermal environment and energy-saving status.

scholarly journals Thermal and Wet Comfort of Fabrics Based on Fractal Dimension of Silicone Coating

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 155892501801300
Author(s):  
Yunlong Shi ◽  
Liang Wang ◽  
Wenhuan Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Qian
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Barrier Effect ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Silicone Coating ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
Warmth Retention ◽  
Coated Fabrics

In this paper, thermal and wet comforts of silicone coated windbreaker shell jacket fabrics were studied. Both thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of fabric increased with an increase in coating area due to the barrier effect of the silicone coating layer. Moreover, the coated fabrics with self-similar structures showed different thermal insulation and evaporative resistance under the same total coating area. Fractal theory was used to explain this phenomenon. Optimal thermal-wet comfort properties were obtained when the fractal dimension (D=1.599) was close to the Golden Mean (1.618). When the fractal dimension of coating was lower than 1.599, fabric warmth retention was not high enough. In contrast, fabric evaporative resistance was beyond the value at which people would feel comfortable when the fractal dimension was greater than 1.599.

scholarly journals Effects of Roof Insulation on the Thermal Conditions of a Medium Scaled Tropical Enclosed Giant Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) Hatchery

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1091-1098
Author(s):  
Ahmad Kamil Kamarudin ◽  
Mohd Salleh Kamarudin ◽  
Sabarinah Sh Ahmad ◽  
Elias Salleh
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Giant Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Human Thermal Comfort

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of roof thermal insulation on the indoor thermal environment of an existing enclosed giant freshwater prawn hatchery in relation to human thermal comfort and the thermal requirement for optimal larval growth. A typical medium scaled enclosed hatchery in Ipoh, Malaysia was chosen for this study. Thermal performances of five thermal insulation materials installed on the roof of the building were studied using Integrated Environmental Solutions (IES) Virtual Environment software. Results showed no significant differences for indoor air temperatures reduction among the insulation materials. However, the installation of roof insulation gave a cooler indoor thermal environment and provided a suitable water temperature/ improved water thermal condition for the prawn larviculture. The study also suggested the aluminium foil was the best insulation for the partially transparent roof of the building.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Specialised Firefighter Clothing Used in Poland – the Thermal Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1(139)) ◽  
pp. 65-70
Author(s):  
Magdalena Młynarczyk
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Insulation ◽  
Protective Clothing ◽  
Thermal Parameters ◽  
Thermal Manikin ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Evaporative Resistance ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Local Thermal Insulation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

This paper describes the characteristic thermal parameters of firefighters’ personal protective clothing (FFPPC) used in Poland. The total thermal insulation and evaporative resistance of three different types of FFPPC were measured and used on a thermal manikin. Next, the results were compared. Based on the analyses and calculations of the test results, it was shown that FFPPC provides a barrier to the heat exchange between the user and the surrounding environment. Differences in the local thermal insulation can be triggered not only by the material used but they can also be attributable to clothes fitted on the manikin. The biggest differences can be noted on the segments forming part of the manikin’s trunk. No difference was found in the evaporative resistance between the clothes tested. In order to examine further the impact of the materials used on thermal parameters of protective clothing, it is necessary to carry out an analysis of the impact of individual layers.

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