Estimation of the Major Cause for Toxic Gases Inhalation-Induced Death in Fire Accident, with the Use of the Classification of Gas Toxicity in Rabbits

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Keizo Harafuji
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Gases ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Fire Accident

scholarly journals Classification of Post-Fire Responses of Woody Plants to include Pyrophobic Communities

Fire ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda D. Prior ◽  
David M. J. S. Bowman
Keyword(s):  
Woody Plants ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Classification Systems ◽  
Woody Vegetation ◽  
General Category ◽  
Conifer Species ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Obligate Seeder ◽  
In Fire

Developing standardised classification of post-fire responses is essential for globally consistent comparisons of woody vegetation communities. Existing classification systems are based on responses of species growing in fire-prone environments. To accommodate species that occur in rarely burnt environments, we have suggested some important points of clarification to earlier schemes categorizing post-fire responses. We have illustrated this approach using several Australasian conifer species as examples of pyrophobic species. In particular, we suggest using the term “obligate seeder” for the general category of plants that rely on seed to reproduce, and qualifying this to “post-fire obligate seeder” for the narrower category of species with populations that recover from canopy fire only by seeding; the species are typically fire-cued, with large aerial or soil seed banks that germinate profusely following a fire, and grow and reproduce rapidly in order to renew the seed bank before the next fire.

Classification of metabolic and respiratory demands in fire fighting activity with extreme workloads

2007 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingvar Holmér ◽  
Désirée Gavhed
Keyword(s):  
Fire Fighting ◽  
In Fire

Thermal Stability, Combustion Behavior, and Toxic Gases in Fire Effluents of an Intumescent Flame-Retarded Polypropylene System

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (17) ◽  
pp. 6978-6984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Sheng Wang ◽  
Guo-Hui Wang ◽  
Yun Liu ◽  
Yun-Hong Jiao ◽  
Dan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Combustion Behavior ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Flame Retarded ◽  
In Fire

Analysis of Association Rule in Fire Accidents - Evidence from Taipei City

2014 ◽  
Vol 1030-1032 ◽  
pp. 2407-2410
Author(s):  
Yu Ying Huang ◽  
Yeng Horng Perng
Keyword(s):  
Association Rule ◽  
Fire Hazard ◽  
Data Mining Technique ◽  
Mining Technique ◽  
Taipei City ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Fire Accident

Fire accidents may induce serious human casualties, building damages, and financial losses. The association rule of data mining technique was applied in this research to identify the characteristics, potential factors, and hidden relationships, that were associated with each other in the building fires of Taipei during 2007-2010. The results of this paper are insightful and can be used to assist fire officials and citizens in reducing the chance of a fire accident, as well as, in mitigating the damages of a fire hazard.

Comparative study of toxicity for thermoplastic polyurethane and its flame-retardant composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1393-1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liu ◽  
Ruowen Zong ◽  
Haiyan Chen ◽  
Junling Wang ◽  
Chaopeng Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Thermoplastic Polyurethane ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tube Furnace ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Toxic Product ◽  
In Fire

Toxic product in fire disasters is the most important reason for fire casualties. With wide application of polymer material, the toxic products in fire effluents are getting more and more diversified and complicated. Polyurethane is one of the most widely used materials. In this article, the fire toxicant release has been evaluated for thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and its flame-retardant composites. Ammonium polyphosphate (APP), aluminum hydroxide (ATH), and nano-montmorillonite (MMT) were combined into different flame-retardant combinations at certain ratios. Three kinds of flame-retardant combinations (APP-ATH, APP-MMT, and APP-ATH-MMT) were blended to reduce toxicity of TPU. The properties of thermal stability and decomposition were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA/infrared spectrometry, static tube furnace, and steady-state tube furnace were used to evaluate the toxic gases, including CO and HCN. Fractional effective dose (FED) was calculated based on the concentrations of CO, CO2, and HCN. The results showed that more than 50% toxicity effect in FED was accounted for HCN. The comprehensive toxicity of TPU was reduced in the samples with APP-ATH and APP-ATH-MMT. The yields of CO, CO2, and O2 consumption were indicated much lower in the samples with APP-ATH-MMT than the other two combinations.

Numerical Study on the Fire Development Process of Typical Power Plant Multi-Floor Compartment

2014 ◽  
Vol 666 ◽  
pp. 354-358
Author(s):  
Xin Ma ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Chao Ding ◽  
Yong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Radiant Heat ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Single Room ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
Burning Rates ◽  
Fire Accidents ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Fire Accident

About frequently happened fire accidents in Power stations, an actual compartment fire accident in one room on 3nd floor was studied numerically with software FDS 5.3.0/SMV 5.3.10 in this article. According to the results of simulation, we investigated the different radiant heat flux parameters, burning losses under different heat release rates and rising rates. The developing process of fuel combustion was analyzed. Also, we compared the simulation results with the actual smoke trace and burning rates in fire accidents. It shows the numerical modeling software FDS is a reliable tool to analyze the power plant fire accident caused by casually placed inflammable objects in single room. It provides an applied valuable good way for the fire accident research in power plant.

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