Adaptation of Fire-Fighting Systems to Localization of Fires in the Premises: Review

Fire protection is a basic safety issue for all categories of buildings. The criteria for effective fire suppression and the characteristics of extinguishing systems in insulated areas depend on a combination of factors. The main influences include the type of combustible material, ambient temperature, type of spray extinguisher, air inflow and outflow conditions, and space geometry. This article analyzes the most widely used fire-extinguishing technologies in different locations. The main aspects of using the pulsed delivery technology of extinguishing liquid are considered. Based on the analysis of publications from the last decade, it is possible to develop intelligent systems for recording fires and extinguishing fires in the premises.

A Study on the Durability of Fire Hoses of Fire Hydrants

Although the number of fires has not changed considerably in recent times, property damage and casualties due to fires are increasing every year. Maintaining the performance of fire-fighting facilities installed in buildings has been emphasized for maximizing human safety and minimizing property damage caused by fires. As a result, since 2017, the maintenance of fire extinguishers throughout their service life, has been mandated. In case of a fire, initial fire extinguishing and fire spreading prevention are crucial. There have been no available measures for the maintenance and verification of indoor fire hydrants and outdoor fire hydrant hoses used for extinguishing fires and preventing combustion expansion. This study was therefore intended to present measures for ascertaining the service life of these fire extinguishers, by evaluating their firefighting abilities through sample analysis and case analysis of the fire hoses. Research shows that the degradation of performance of the fire hoses becomes evident between 9 and 10 years, so that 10 years of service life is considered appropriate for the fire hoses.

Proposal for Improvements of the Police Manual Regarding Crisis Management

The current manual for crisis management in Korea includes military units and the police as related organizations. However, the duties of police units are very broad, such as traffic control and security maintenance in disaster areas, lifesaving, and the search for missing persons, and the main tasks of such disaster management actions as lifesaving and the search for missing persons are led by fire-fighting units or local governments. Therefore, it is necessary to clearly present the scope of police activities in the event of a disaster. In this study, police manuals in Korea and abroad were investigated to identify problems and implications of the current Korean manual. In addition, through an analysis of common unit tasks that the police should perform in the event of a disaster, domestic crisis management manuals, and overseas cases, additional police unit duties are proposed in detail. As a result, we suggest provisions in the manual that allow the police to immediately intervene in response to disasters.

Experimental Study on the Thermal Effect according to the Distance around a Hydrogen Jet Flame

In this study, the safe distance in the case of a hydrogen vehicle fire was analyzed according to the temperature distribution around a hydrogen gas jet flame formed by the thermally activated pressure relief device operation of a hydrogen storage container. The experiment was conducted while 70 MPa hydrogen gas was released from a 1.8-mm-diameter nozzle to a 1.8- × 1.8 m fire-resistant structure wall for distances of 2 and 4 m between the nozzle output and the wall. To analyze the temperature around the hydrogen gas jet flame, five fire-fighting heat-protective hood test samples, certified by the Korea Fire Institute, and temperature sensors were installed every 1 m from the center of the jet flame in the vertical direction to the direction of the flame. In the experiment, the temperature around the jet flame was measured to observe the safe distance for firefighters. The results show that the safe distances at 70°C or less, which is harmless to firefighters, were 5 m without a heat-protective hood and 3 m with a heat-protective hood. In addition, it was confirmed that the direction of the jet flame and blocking by obstacles affect the safe distance during fire-fighting and rescue activities by firefighters.

Training of simple fire installation for security guard at Samarinda State Polytechnic

The Samarinda State Polytechnic has a hydrant that does not work, because the installation is damaged and is 35 years old. Currently, a simple fire fighting water installation has been made at three points with a length of 257 meters for 16 buildings, which utilizes lake water inside the Samarinda State Polytechnic campus. Therefore, this service activity is intended to provide skills for security guard in the Samarinda State Polytechnic regarding the use of hydrants. The specifications of the equipment used are portable centrifugal pumps with a maximum capacity of 700 liters/minute, a horizontal reach length of 40 meters, a vertical height of 12 meters and a pump pressure of ±5 bar. The results of this activity revealed that all security guard at the Samarinda State Polytechnic were able to operate a simple fire extinguisher installation. In addition, security personnel also have the ability to maintain a fire pump engine.