scholarly journals Cell Transplantation Therapies to Reverse Type 1 Diabetes: A review

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-111
Author(s):  
Amrah Inam ◽  
Zia Alam ◽  
Obaid Ullah Shah ◽  
Misbah ◽  
Fanxiong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Islet Cells ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Immune Rejection ◽  
Stem Cell Technology ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Bioengineering Techniques

Stem cell technology is demonstrating promising advancements in cure of diseases due its differentiation ability. Type 1 diabetes is mainly caused by autoimmune ? cells destruction. In this review, we focus on treatment procedures of Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) with numerous stem cells (SCs) i.e hPSCs, MSCs, hESCs, BMSCs, AFSCs, HSCs and islet cells (that are not stem cells but they are approved worldwide and are being successfully used to permanently reverse T1D). A brief overview of this disease along with the advancements in treatment of T1D with stem cells is discussed. Biomaterial encapsulation to avoid immune rejection and improved immunomodulation and immune tolerance via drugs /bioengineering techniques makes the outcomes of SC therapies more efficient and productive, hence, proving to be another future milestone of completely reversing type 1 diabetes especially in those patients who got clinically diagnosed at an early stage and then received prompt treatment of either restoration of already available ? cells functionality or transplantation of purified and functional SCs differentiated insulin producing cells to normalize the glycemic control and homeostasis. Keywords: Type 1 Diabetes, ?-cells, Stem cells, Biomaterial

scholarly journals MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Towards the clinical translation of stem cell therapy for type 1 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 177 (4) ◽  
pp. R159-R168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Espes ◽  
Joey Lau ◽  
Per-Ola Carlsson
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Stem Cell Therapy ◽  
Clinical Translation ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Potential Risks

Insulin-producing cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have for long been a promising, but elusive treatment far from clinical translation into type 1 diabetes therapy. However, the field is now on the verge of moving such insulin-producing cells into clinical trials. Although stem cell therapies provide great opportunities, there are also potential risks such as teratoma formation associated with the treatment. Many considerations are needed on how to proceed with clinical translation, including whether to use hESCs or iPSCs, and whether encapsulation of tissue will be needed. This review aims to give an overview of the current knowledge of stem cell therapy outcomes in animal models of type 1 diabetes and a proposed road map towards the clinical setting with special focus on the potential risks and hurdles which needs to be considered. From a clinical point of view, transplantation of insulin-producing cells derived from stem cells must be performed without immune suppression in order to be an attractive treatment option. Although costly and highly labour intensive, patient-derived iPSCs would be the only solution, if not clinically successful encapsulation or tolerance induction protocols are introduced.

scholarly journals Stem cell therapy for diabetes: do we need to make beta cells?

2004 ◽  
Vol 183 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J Burns ◽  
Shanta J Persaud ◽  
Peter M Jones
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Human Islets ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Insulin Producing Cells ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Islet Tissue ◽  
Minimum Requirements

Type 1 diabetes can now be ameliorated by islet transplantation, although this treatment is restricted by the insufficient supply of islet tissue. The need for an essentially limitless supply of a substitute for primary human islets of Langerhans has led to research into the suitability of stem/progenitor cells to generate insulin-producing cells to use in replacement therapies for diabetes. Although there has been much research in this area, an efficient and reproducible protocol for the differentiation of stem cells into functional insulin-secreting β-cells that are suitable for transplantation has yet to be reported. In this commentary we examine the minimum requirements for replacement β-cells and outline some of the potential sources of these cells. We also argue that the generation of the ‘perfect’ beta-cell may not necessarily lead to the most suitable tissue for transplantation.

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