scholarly journals Faculty Opinions recommendation of Targeted enrichment of ancient pathogens yielding the pPCP1 plasmid of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death.

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Feil
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Targeted Enrichment

scholarly journals Targeted enrichment of ancient pathogens yielding the pPCP1 plasmid of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death

2011 ◽  
Vol 108 (38) ◽  
pp. E746-E752 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. J. Schuenemann ◽  
K. Bos ◽  
S. DeWitte ◽  
S. Schmedes ◽  
J. Jamieson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Targeted Enrichment

1. Plague

2016 ◽  
pp. 7-30
Author(s):  
Christian W. McMillen
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Near East ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Pacific World ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Improved Sanitation

The plague is a disease caused by a bacillus, Yersinia pestis, transmitted by the bite of an infected flea. ‘Plague’ identifies three main periods of the pandemic. It first appeared in the sixth century ce with several epidemics in Europe and the Near East lasting until the end of the eight century. The second pandemic—the Black Death—began in 1347 and killed up to half of the continent’s population. The last European outbreak was in Russia in 1770. The third pandemic began in China in 1890 and spread rapidly around the Pacific world. Improved sanitation, isolation, and new antibiotics help, but the plague still exists today.

scholarly journals A draft genome of Yersinia pestis from victims of the Black Death

Nature ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 478 (7370) ◽  
pp. 506-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten I. Bos ◽  
Verena J. Schuenemann ◽  
G. Brian Golding ◽  
Hernán A. Burbano ◽  
Nicholas Waglechner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Black Death

scholarly journals Ancient Yersinia pestis genomes provide no evidence for the origins or spread of the Justinianic Plague

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcel Keller ◽  
Maria A. Spyrou ◽  
Michael McCormick ◽  
Kirsten I. Bos ◽  
Alexander Herbig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Eurasian Steppe ◽  
Human Genomes ◽  
Historical Accounts ◽  
The Silk Road

AbstractAlong with the publication of 137 ancient human genomes retrieved from archaeological remains of the Eurasian steppe, Damgaard et al., 2018 identified two individuals infected with Yersinia pestis, yielding one genome with 0.24x average coverage (DA147, 6th–9th c. AD) and another with 8.7x (DA101, 2nd–3rd c. AD). A phylogenetic analysis performed on the latter placed it in a position ancestral to a 6th-century Justinianic genome from Aschheim, Germany. These results are used to fuel an argument that the Justinianic Plague (541–544 AD) “was brought to Europe towards the end of the Hunnic period through the Silk Road along the southern fringes of the steppes” in contrast to the leading hypothesis of introduction via the Red Sea that is supported by historical accounts. In our reanalysis, we question the contested historical context of the presented genomes with the Justinianic Plague and show that the lower coverage genome might be rather related to the Black Death (1346–1353 AD).

scholarly journals Phylogeography of the second plague pandemic revealed through analysis of historical Yersinia pestis genomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria A. Spyrou ◽  
Marcel Keller ◽  
Rezeda I. Tukhbatova ◽  
Christiana L. Scheib ◽  
Elizabeth A. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Evolutionary Trajectory ◽  
Late Stages ◽  
Initial Entry

Abstract The second plague pandemic, caused by Yersinia pestis, devastated Europe and the nearby regions between the 14th and 18th centuries AD. Here we analyse human remains from ten European archaeological sites spanning this period and reconstruct 34 ancient Y. pestis genomes. Our data support an initial entry of the bacterium through eastern Europe, the absence of genetic diversity during the Black Death, and low within-outbreak diversity thereafter. Analysis of post-Black Death genomes shows the diversification of a Y. pestis lineage into multiple genetically distinct clades that may have given rise to more than one disease reservoir in, or close to, Europe. In addition, we show the loss of a genomic region that includes virulence-related genes in strains associated with late stages of the pandemic. The deletion was also identified in genomes connected with the first plague pandemic (541–750 AD), suggesting a comparable evolutionary trajectory of Y. pestis during both events.

scholarly journals (P1-23) The Potential Terrorist Possession of Weaponized Plague in North Africa: A Forensic Epidemiology Case Study and Discussion of Principles in Tizi Ouzou, Algeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s106-s106
Author(s):  
M.P. Allswede ◽  
T. Binyamin
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Terrorist Group ◽  
Al Qaeda ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Pneumonic Plague ◽  
Epidemiology Investigation ◽  
Forensic Epidemiology

BackgroundA report of black death, presumably pneumonic plague (Yersinia Pestis) occurred in the terrorist group Al Qaeda in the Land of Islamic Maghreb (AQLIM) in 2009. Up to 40 members of AQLIM are reported to have perished rapidly.DiscussionThe event was managed by Algeria, but questions remain as to the nature of this event and the level of investigation that was applied. This paper is a discussion of the principle elements of a forensic epidemiology investigation that should have, but did not take place in Algeria. The need for improved forensic epidemiology investigation capability is illustrated in this event due the unique problems inherent in the investigation of intentional outbreaks.

A Scottish Doctor's Association with the Discovery of the Plague Bacdllus

1995 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 184-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.L. Yule
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
Black Death ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Negative Bacillus ◽  
Gram Negative Bacillus ◽  
British Colony ◽  
Disease Spreading

Plague killed at least a quarter of the population of Europe in 1348.‘ This was the first wave of the epidemic known as ‘The Black Death’ which continued for two years and then recurred sporadically till the late 17th Century. In London in 1603, 22.6% of the population died from plague and in the outbreak known as The Great Plague of London in 1694 there were over 70,000 deaths out of a population of 460,000. Many English villages were completely wiped out at this time. Marseilles suffered severely in 1720. The next serious outbreak was in Canton in China in 1894, the disease spreading to Hong Kong. 80,000 died, the great majority of these being in China. A Scottish doctor played an important part in the management of this epidemic when it reached the British colony, and by chance found himself on the periphery of the controversy about who first discovered Yersinia Pestis, the Gram negative bacillus that causes plague.

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