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2022 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 100327
Author(s):  
Hsiao-chun Hung ◽  
Hartatik ◽  
Tisna Arif Ma'rifat ◽  
Truman Simanjuntak

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 373-397
Author(s):  
Mikołaj Pokorski

The subject matter of the article concerns on ritual sacrificial practices related to human sacrifices among the Western Slavs, including the Polish lands and the Polabia region. The chronological range covers the early Middle Ages, from the 7th to the 12th centuries. Considerations on this subject include the review of anthropological and philosophical disciplines research including R. Girard studies in this aspect, an analysis of written sources, and above all the analysis of the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites from an archaeological perspective. The aim of the study was to identify archaeological remains related to sacrificial rituals by presenting the occurrence of victims and sacrificial sites at selected archaeological sites. The study aims to discuss the issues with interpretations of various aspects of the human sacrifices from the early medival Western Slavdom territory sites. The work is interdisciplinary, as it takes into account and integrates the results of archaeological research, knowledge in the field of history, philosophy and cultural anthropology. The article presents the effectiveness of interdisciplinary methods in expanding analytical and interpretative possibilities of archeology regarding the rituals of sacrifice and sacrificial sites.


2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiji Kadowaki ◽  
Toru Tamura ◽  
Risako Kida ◽  
Takayuki Omori ◽  
Lisa A. Maher ◽  
...  

AbstractThe Initial Upper Paleolithic (IUP) is a key chrono-cultural concept in our understanding of the cultural and population dynamics at the transition from the Middle Paleolithic to Upper Paleolithic period. This paper presents technological and chronological analyses of lithic assemblages from a rockshelter site at Tor Fawaz in the Jebel Qalkha area, southern Jordan, to provide accurate dating and detailed recognition of the IUP variability in the Levant. We present integrated micromorphological, phytolith, and dung spherulite analyses to evaluate formation and postdepositional processes of archaeological remains through high-resolution micro-contextual studies. As a result, the Tor Fawaz assemblages show general similarity to those of Boker Tachtit Level 4, Tor Sadaf A–B, and Wadi Aghar C–D1 that represent the late phase of the IUP in the southern Levant. Based on the detailed recognition of site-formation processes, we suggest ca. 45–36 ka as the age of IUP occupations at Tor Fawaz. More specifically, the IUP occupations at Tor Fawaz and Wadi Aghar, a nearby IUP site in the same area, may represent slightly different phases that show a lithic technological trend paralleling the IUP sequence at Tor Sadaf in southern Jordan, and possibly post-date Boker Tachtit Level 4. We also discuss the issue of partial chronological overlap between the late IUP and the Ahmarian and also argue for the geographically different trends in cultural changes from the late IUP to the Ahmarian.


2021 ◽  
pp. 55-66
Author(s):  
Michael Frede

This chapter focuses on the historian of philosophy. There is a certain amount of historical evidence in the case of philosophy, mainly in the form of texts, or rather copies thereof, but also of inscriptions or even of archaeological remains. The historian has to collect this evidence, evaluate it, and reconstruct, on its basis, a history which is sufficiently supported by it to make it difficult, if not impossible, to think of an equally plausible, or even more plausible, account that fits the evidence as well. The difficulty is not only that it has become a matter of considerable controversy whether there actually is one characteristic way in which historians ought to go about their business and which way this may be. It also should give one pause for thought that, in fact, general historians do not write history of philosophy. This suggests that the historiography of philosophy is not just a matter of applying the historical method to a particular history. Clearly, the most important point here is that it takes some special competence to write the history of a discipline. Having the competence of a contemporary philosopher allows one to tell which arguments are acceptable and which are not.


2021 ◽  
pp. 350-361
Author(s):  
Dominic Perring

This chapter explores the archaeological evidence from London for the short-lived ‘British Empire’ of Carausius and his successor Allectus, when the city gained the pretensions of an imperial capital. Allectus commissioned a massive new public building complex along the riverside. This appears to have incorporated two unusually late examples of classical temples, which were perhaps attached to an imperial palace. In addition to summarizing previously published work, the text includes new speculations as to the character and identity of these temples. The suggestion that the boat found at County Hall in 1910 had been built as part of Carausius’ fleet is tentatively revived. The mint established at this time continued in operation after Constantius’s reconquest of Britain and Constantine’s subsequent assumption of power. The archaeological remains of this period are described to show that London remained an important administrative centre, but power was exercised from private houses and compounds. The city was no longer a port of consequence, and several of London’s most important public buildings were made redundant, quarried for buildings materials, and replaced by workshops.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Author(s):  
Agni Mochtar ◽  
Firman Setiawan ◽  
Shinatria Adhityatama

Aplikasi metode geofisika menggunakan side scan sonar dalam penelitian arkeologi bawah air belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini memaparkan penggunaan side scan sonar untuk pemetaan dasar sungai dan identifikasi tinggalan arkeologi di dasar sungai dalam penelitian “Sungai Brantas dalam Perspektif Lanskap Kultur Maritim”, serta interpretasi hasil survei side scan sonar tersebut dalam konteks kesejarahan. Selain itu, dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas potensi pengembangan penggunaan side scan sonar dalam penelitian arkeologi bawah air di Indonesia, terutama di perairan sungai. Akuisisi data dilakukan dengan menggunakan side scan sonar Starfish 450H dengan sistem posisi GNSS Trimble R8s. Sementara itu, interpretasi diperoleh dengan melakukan analisis terhadap data peta dan arsip Belanda untuk memahami konteks temporal dari objek yang dideteksi oleh alat side scan sonar. Survei berhasil menunjukkan sedimen di dasar sungai berupa lempung dan lanau, serta beberapa objek yang diduga sebagai bangkai kapal, yang diperkirakan berasal dari pasca abad ke-19 Masehi. Hasil survei side scan sonar menunjukkan tingkat akurasi cukup hingga tinggi dan dapat menjadi pendukung penelitian arkeologi bawah air yang efisien, terutama di perairan yang keruh. Side scan sonar survey as one of the geophysics methods is still scarcely applied in underwater archaeological research in Indonesia. This paper describes the application of side scan sonar survey in mapping riverbed and identifying underwater archaeological remains in the “Sungai Brantas in the Perspective of Maritime Cultural Landscape” project, as well as interpreting its historical context based on survey results. This paper also explores the development of utilizing side scan sonar in underwater archaeological research in Indonesia, particularly in rivers. Data was acquisitioned by using the side scan sonar Starfish 450H and GNSS Trimble R8s positioning system. The interpretation was drawn by analysing related Dutch old maps and archives to understand the historical context of the survey findings. The result shows clay and silt sediment covering most of the riverbed and a number of objects, possibly shipwrecks, estimated as from the nineteenth century. The survey result has a medium to high accuracy. Thus, this method is able to serve as an efficient instrument for underwater archaeological research, especially in the low-visibility waters.


PANALUNGTIK ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-152
Author(s):  
Nurul Laili

Lebak Regency is an area in the southern part of Banten Province which is fertile and dominated by agricultural land. The condition of Lebak in the past based on archaeological remains, especially megalithic remains, shows traces of farming. The traces of the megalithic remains in the form of mortars and dakon stones were obtained at three sites, namely the Gunung Anakan site, the Parigi Lebakbinong site, and the Pasir Nangka site. The problem raised in this paper is what is the function of the mortar stone and dakon stone for supporting communities in Lebak Banten. Knowledge of the function of mortar and dakon stone will be able to reconstruct the role of mortar and dakon stone in the past related to farming. This paper uses descriptive analytical methods and inductive reasoning with a material culture approach. The existence of mortar and dakon stone indicates subsistence based on agriculture or farming.


2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Hery Priswanto

The Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed is one of the Brantas watersheds covering an area of ​​1,188,800 hectares located in the Trenggalek Regency. The Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed consists of forests, fields, irrigated rice fields, plantations, and settlements which are flooded every year. Flood conditions that occur have an influence on archaeological remains around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed, namely Brongkah Temple, Semarum Site and Kamulan. Most of the archaeological remains are buried by alluvial deposits due to flooding and the overflow of the Ngrowo – Ngasinan River. The results of research conducted by Balar DIY in 2012-2015 through survey and excavation data collection methods indicate that the Semarun and Kamulan sites were abandoned because they were inundated and drowned due to the overflow (flood) of the Ngrowo and Ngasinan rivers. The purpose of this article is to determine the effect of the existence of the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed on the loss or damage of archaeological sites around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed. Morphologically, the archaeological sites in the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed have a very ideal position as a place of settlement, because their location is in a basin and sloping area, fertile, and close to water sources. The conclusion should be at the end of the abstract. Avoid the word 'disaster' (adjust title). Conclusion: The selection of residential locations around the Ngrowo-Ngasinan watershed has a very significant impact or great risk for flood disasters because of its location on the banks of the river. Keywords: Ngrowo-Ngasinan Watershed, archaeological remains, flood.


2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-178
Author(s):  
Irfanuddin Wahid Marzuki ◽  
Putra Kamajaya ◽  
Nurachman Iriyanto ◽  
Ajeng Wulandari

Kawasan Kota Lama Gorontalo memiliki banyak tinggalan arkeologi berupa bangunan-bangunan indis dan kolonial, yang saat ini mengalami ancaman karena perkembangan kota dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali persepsi masyarakat awam mengenai tinggalan-tinggalan arkeologi di kawasan Kota Lama Gorontalo. Banyaknya bangunan kolonial membuktikan kota Gorontalo telah ada dan berperan penting sejak lama masa kolonial. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan penalaran induktif. Tahap pengumpulan data memadukan antara studi pustaka dan pengamatan lapangan serta wawancara. Selain itu, untuk mendapatkan masukan dari para ahli dilakukan FGD yang melibatkan peneliti dari Balai Arkeologi, BPNB, akademisi, pemerintah daerah, guru, BPCB, dan professional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian masyarakat masih ada yang belum mengetahui kawasan Kota Lama, meskipun mereka beraktivitas di kawasan tersebut. Upaya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat mengenai kawasan Kota Lama diperlukan sehingga masyarakat menyadari keberadaan kawasan Kota Lama dan potensi arkeologi yang dimilikinya, pelestarian serta pengembangan kawasan. Stakeholder atau pemangku kepentingan di kawasan Kota Lama Gorontalo dapat dikelompokkan menjadi empat, yaitu; pemain kunci (pemerintah), subjek (pemilik/pemakai), pendukung (akademisi, LSM, budayawan), dan pengikut lain (masyarakat umum). Masing-masing stakeholder (pemangku kepentingan) memiliki fungsi dan peran sendiri-sendiri, sehingga perlu dikoordinasi dan disinergikan agar sesuai dengan tujuan, yaitu pelestarian dan pengelolaan kawasan yang sesuai dengan kondisi sosial budaya Gorontalo. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan dasar untuk kegiatan penelitian ke depan mengenai pengelolaan kawasan baik oleh Balai Arkeologi Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, akademisi, maupun pihak Pemerintah Daerah.   Kota Lama Gorontalo has many archaeological remains indis and colonial buildings, which are currently experiencing threats due to urban and economic developments. This study aims to explore the general public's perception of archaeological remains in the Kota Lama Gorontalo. The number of colonial buildings in Gorontalo proves that Gorontalo has existed and played an important role since the long colonial period. This research is descriptive with inductive reasoning. The data collection combines literature study and field observations and interviews. In addition, to get input from experts, an FGD was conducted which involved researchers from the Balai Arkeologi, BPNB, academics, local government, teachers, BPCB, and professionals. The results showed that some people still do not know Kota Lama, even though they are active in this area. Socialization efforts to the public regarding Kota Lama are needed so that people are aware of the existence of Kota Lama and its archaeological potential, preservation and development of the area. Stakeholders in Kota Lama Gorontalo can be grouped into four, namely; key players (government), subjects (owners / users), supporters (academics, NGOs, cultural observers), and other followers (general public). Each stakeholder (stakeholder) has its own function and role, so it needs to be coordinated and synergized so that it is in accordance with the objectives, namely the preservation and management of the area in accordance with the socio-cultural conditions of Gorontalo. The results of this study can be used as the basis for future research activities regarding area management by the Balai Arkeologi Sulawesi Utara Province, academics, and the local government.


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