Faculty Opinions recommendation of Who invented the dichotomous key? Richard Waller's watercolors of the herbs of Britain.

Identification aids for Cicer (Leguminosae, Cicereae) taxa are presented. A DELTA format dataset was generated for 42 Cicer taxa, on the basis of observation of 214 herbarium specimens and information obtained from the literature. Using the programs key, explore and confor, a dichotomous key, a tabular key, an interactive key and brief descriptions were produced and are presented.

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Two new species in the Ficinia indica complex (Cyperaceae, tribe Cypereae) from South Africa

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.295.1.4 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 295 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

ALUWANI A. TSHIILA ◽

SAMSON B.M. CHIMPHANGO ◽

JAN-ADRIAAN VILJOEN ◽

A. MUTHAMA MUASYA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Region Growing ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Cape Floristic Region ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Similar Species ◽

Ecological Features ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

As Species ◽

Two New Species

Unclear boundaries between species hinder identification in the field and in herbaria, especially in species groups that can only be distinguished on the basis of subtle morphological and ecological features. One such taxon is Ficinia indica, widespread in the Greater Cape Floristic Region, growing on deep sandy soils between sea level and 1000 m elevation. Within its range, several phylogenetically related and morphologically similar species co-occur or occupy distinct habitats. Studies in herbaria show species in the Ficinia indica complex to be largely misidentified based on the use of qualitative information. Here, we investigate whether the six taxa recognized, based on one or a few characters, are supported as distinct species based on multivariate analysis of macro-morphological data. Two of the taxa were mostly separated whereas the other four taxa overlapped in multivariate space, but all the taxa could be distinguished using a single or a combination of morphological and ecological characters. We uphold the four previously recognized taxa (Ficinia argyropus, F. elatior, F. indica, F. laevis) as species, describe two new species (F. arnoldii and F. montana), and provide a dichotomous key for their identification.

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Synopsis of Cnidoscolus (Euphorbiaceae) in midwestern Brazil, including taxonomic updates, a new species, and a reestablishment of C. neglectus

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.500.3.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 500 (3) ◽

pp. 179-200

Author(s):

CELLINI CASTRO DE OLIVEIRA ◽

ANDRÉ LAURÊNIO DE MELO ◽

MARCOS JOSÉ DA SILVA

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Systematic Position ◽

The Other ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Distributional Information ◽

A New Species

A synopsis of the genus Cnidoscolus is presented for the midwestern region of Brazil, which resulted from the analysis of about 1,200 specimens from 62 national and foreign herbaria, including type collections. Observations of populations in field were also made. Nine species are recognized, one of which, C. mcvaughii, is new to science. It is described and illustrated, and comments about its geographic distribution, morphological relationships, systematic position, phenology, and conservation status are provided, as well as images and a map. The other species are contrasted by a dichotomous key. Also, distributional information, maps, conservation evaluations, images and morphologically diagnoses are included. Eight synonymizations, one lectotypification, a neotypifcation, and the re-establishment of C. neglectus are proposed.

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A new species of free-living marine nematode, Diplolaimella ariakensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Monhysteridae) from the Ariake Sea, Japan

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-bja10133 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Daisuke Shimada ◽

Toshiki Komiya ◽

Toyoshi Yoshiga

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Buccal Cavity ◽

Marine Nematode ◽

Ariake Sea ◽

Free Living ◽

Long Tail ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Anterior Position ◽

Close Relationship ◽

A New Species

Summary A new species of free-living marine nematode, Diplolaimella ariakensis n. sp., is described from a muddy tidal flat of the Ariake Sea, southern Japan. Diplolaimella ariakensis n. sp. differs from its congeners by the following: presence of ocelli, absence of denticles in the buccal cavity, a long tail (11-14 cloacal body diam., c = 3.2-4.0 in male, 17-21 anal body diam., c = 2.9-3.4 in female), spicules as long as 1.4-1.8 cloacal body diam., gubernaculum 0.4-0.5 cloacal body diam. long with a dorsocaudal apophysis 0.5-0.7 cloacal body diam. long, presence of a precloacal supplement, absence of postcloacal papillae, presence of seven pairs of body pores in male, and the anterior position of the vulva (V = 43-46). A dichotomous key to Diplolaimella species is provided. Almost full-length 18S rRNA and partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene sequences were determined for D. ariakensis n. sp. A maximum likelihood tree of 18S sequences supported a close relationship between D. ariakensis n. sp. and D. dievengatensis.

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A new species of the genus Phytocoris (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Miridae: Mirinae) from western Iran

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4446.4.9 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4446 (4) ◽

pp. 567

Author(s):

REZA HOSSEINI ◽

SAADI MOHAMMADI

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

New Taxon ◽

Type Specimens ◽

Western Iran ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

The University ◽

A New Species ◽

Insect Collection

A new species, Phytocoris (Eckerleinius) hawramanicum sp. nov is described from Iran. A revised dichotomous key to the species of subgenus Eckerleinius Wagner known in Iran and adjacent regions, illustrations of male genitalia and male habitus photographs of this new taxon are provided. Diagnosis of the new species is based on a comparison with other congeneric found from Iran and adjacent countries. The type specimens were deposited in the insect collection of the University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran.

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Reestablishment of Cabomba schwartzii (Cabombaceae), an aquatic plant species endemic to the Brazilian Amazon

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.367.3.4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 367 (3) ◽

pp. 245 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

TIAGO D. M. BARBOSA ◽

RAFAELA J. TRAD ◽

MIKLOS M. BAJAY ◽

MARIA I. ZUCCHI ◽

MARIA DO CARMO E. DO AMARAL

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Plant Species ◽

Genetic Study ◽

Aquatic Plant ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Species Description ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Herbarium Collections

Cabomba schwartzii was described by Rataj in 1977. The species discovered in the Brazilian Amazon was said to differ from other Cabomba species in having two sepals, two petals and a lobate petal base. According to the 1991 study of Ørgaard, C. schwartzii is similar to C. aquatica in other morphological characters (C. aquatica has flowers with three sepals and three petals) and since variation in number of floral parts is common in the genus, Ørgaard synonymized both species. After an analysis of C. schwartzii type material, other herbarium collections and location of four populations (two with C. schwartzii characteristics and two with C. aquatica characteristics), we conducted an integrated morphological and genetic study to evaluate whether or not C. schwartzii is a distinct species from C. aquatica. The results reveal the species to be distinct from each other and therefore C. schwartzii should be reestablished. The floral formula for C. schwartzii is K2 C2 A2+2 G1, versus K3 C3 A3+3 G2 for C. aquatica. A detailed species description and the geographical distribution of C. schwartzii are presented with a dichotomous key to distinguish both species, together with illustrations.

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Morphological and molecular characterisation of Scutellonema species from yam (Dioscorea spp.) and a key to the species of the genus

Nematology ◽

10.1163/15685411-00003084 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 19 (7) ◽

pp. 751-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Yao A. Kolombia ◽

Gerrit Karssen ◽

Nicole Viaene ◽

P. Lava Kumar ◽

Lisa Joos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Species Delimitation ◽

Accurate Diagnosis ◽

Molecular Characterisation ◽

Undescribed Species ◽

Tuber Tissue ◽

Ecological Zones ◽

Major Threat ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Suitable Marker ◽

Agro Ecological Zones

The yam nematode,Scutellonema bradys, is a major threat to yam (Dioscoreaspp.) production across yam-growing regions. In West Africa, this species cohabits with many morphologically similar congeners and, consequently, its accurate diagnosis is essential for control and for monitoring its movement. In the present study, 46Scutellonemapopulations collected from yam rhizosphere and yam tubers in different agro-ecological zones in Ghana and Nigeria were characterised by their morphological features and by sequencing of the D2-D3 region of the 28S rDNA gene and the mitochondrialCOIgenes. Molecular phylogeny, molecular species delimitation and morphology revealedS. bradys,S. cavenessi,S. clathricaudatumand three undescribed species from yam rhizosphere. OnlyS. bradyswas identified from yam tuber tissue, however. For barcoding and identifyingScutellonemaspp., the most suitable marker used was theCOIgene. Additionally, 99 newScutellonemasequences were generated using populations obtained also from banana, carrot, maize and tomato, including the first forS. paralabiatumandS. clathricaudatum, enabling the development of a dichotomous key for identification ofScutellonemaspp. The implications of these results are discussed.

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Idiomysis bumbumiensis sp. nov., a new mysid species (Mysida, Mysidae, Anisomysini) from Southeast Asia

Zoosystematics and Evolution ◽

10.3897/zse.97.68486 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 345-354

Author(s):

Ja’afar Nurshazwan ◽

Shozo Sawamoto ◽

Azman bin Abdul Rahim

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Southeast Asia ◽

Present Species ◽

The Third ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

A New Species ◽

Antennal Scale

We provide a detailed description, including illustrations, of a new species of mysid belonging to the genus Idiomysis W. M. Tattersall, 1922 from Pulau Bum Bum, Sabah, Malaysia. The presence of two segments of antennal scale, a shorter endopod of uropod than the exopod and a pair of minute spines at the apex of the telson distinguishes Idiomysis bumbumiensis sp. nov. from all other species in the genus. The present species is the seventh member of the genus Idiomysis and it is the first described in Southeast Asia. It is also the third species of tribe Anisomysini discovered in Malaysian waters. We include an updated dichotomous key of all Idiomysis species.

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Splitting the Pisonia birdcatcher trees: re-establishment of Ceodes and Rockia (Nyctaginaceae, Pisonieae)

PhytoKeys ◽

10.3897/phytokeys.152.50611 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 152 ◽

pp. 121-136

Author(s):

Elson Felipe Sandoli Rossetto ◽

Marcos A. Caraballo-Ortiz

Keyword(s):

Original Description ◽

General Distribution ◽

Phylogenetic Study ◽

Natural Classification ◽

Line Drawings ◽

Dichotomous Key ◽

Representative Species ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic Study ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Reproductive Characters

Several genera of Nyctaginaceae, currently merged under Pisonia, have been described for the Indo-Pacific region. Results from a recent molecular phylogenetic study of tribe Pisonieae showed that Pisonia is non-monophyletic and comprises three well-supported lineages: one including typical Pisonia and allies (Pisonia s.str.), a clade of species which corresponds to the original description of Ceodes and a third lineage whose single representative was formerly treated under the monotypic genus Rockia. Thus, as part of an effort to achieve a natural classification for tribe Pisonieae, this work proposes to re-establish Ceodes and Rockia to accommodate taxa with inconspicuous glands on anthocarps, recognising 21 species (20 for the former and one for the latter), of which 16 are new combinations: Ceodes amplifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes artensiscomb. nov., Ceodes austro-orientaliscomb. nov., Ceodes browniicomb. nov., Ceodes caulifloracomb. nov., Ceodes coronatacomb. nov., Ceodes diandracomb. nov., Ceodes gigantocarpacomb. nov., Ceodes gracilescenscomb. nov., Ceodes lanceolatacomb. nov., Ceodes merytifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes muellerianacomb. nov., Ceodes rapaensiscomb. nov., Ceodes sechellarumcomb. nov., Ceodes taitensiscomb. nov. and Ceodes wagnerianacomb. nov. A general distribution of each species recognised in this work is also included, along with line drawings and colour pictures of representative species of Ceodes, Pisonia and Rockia and an updated dichotomous key based on reproductive characters for the nine genera (Ceodes, Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella and Rockia) comprising the tribe Pisonieae. Résumé Plusieurs genres de Nyctaginaceae actuellement fusionnés sous Pisonia ont été décrits pour la région Indo-Pacifique. Les résultats d’une récente étude phylogénétique moléculaire de la tribu Pisonieae ont montré que Pisonia est non monophylétique et comprend trois lignées bien supportées: une comprenant Pisonia typique et ses alliés (Pisonia s.str.), un clade d’espèces qui correspond à la description originale de Ceodes et une troisième lignée dont l’unique représentant était auparavant traité sous le genre monotypique Rockia. Ainsi, dans le cadre d’un effort pour parvenir à une classification naturelle de la tribu Pisonieae, ce travail proposons de rétablir les Ceodes et Rockia pour accueillir des taxons avec des glandes discrètes sur les anthocarpes, reconnaissant 21 espèces (20 pour les premières et une pour les dernières), dont 16 sont de nouvelles combinaisons: Ceodes amplifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes artensiscomb. nov., Ceodes austro-orientaliscomb. nov., Ceodes browniicomb. nov., Ceodes caulifloracomb. nov., Ceodes coronatacomb. nov., Ceodes diandracomb. nov., Ceodes gigantocarpacomb. nov., Ceodes gracilescenscomb. nov., Ceodes lanceolatacomb. nov., Ceodes merytifoliacomb. nov., Ceodes muellerianacomb. nov., Ceodes rapaensiscomb. nov., Ceodes sechellarumcomb. nov., Ceodes taitensiscomb. nov. et Ceodes wagnerianacomb. nov. Une distribution générale de chaque espèce reconnue dans ce travail est également incluse, ainsi que des dessins au trait et des images en couleur des espèces représentatives de Ceodes, Pisonia et Rockia, et préparé une clé dichotomique mise à jour basée sur les caractères reproductifs des neuf genres (Ceodes, Cephalotomandra, Grajalesia, Guapira, Neea, Neeopsis, Pisonia, Pisoniella et Rockia) comprenant la tribu Pisonieae.

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