Regarding Political Relations of Abusayid Mirzo with the Ruler of Aqquyuns

This article informs about political activities of Sultan Abusayid, the ruler of Temurids Empire, his struggle for the throne of Samarqand, military, political and embassy relations on the issue of Western Iran and Azerbaijan regions with representatives of Aqquyuns dynasty Hasanbek and Qaraquyuns Jahanshah. The role and importance of the territories of Western Iran and Azerbaijan[1] in the Temurid kingdom were both politically and economically important. The essence of the Sultanate's military-political relations with local principalities and various ethnic groups in these regions are not only to control Western Iran and Azerbaijan, but also to be seen from time to time as a place where conflicting political and economic interests of major powers should collide.

Nursing Students’ Competency to Attend Disaster Situations: A Study in Western Iran

Objective: The disaster preparedness of nurses is important as nurses are members of a health care team that needs to work systematically and collaboratively in all conditions. Although education and training naturally underpin effective practice, disaster nursing education is rarely provided to nurses in Iran. Because disaster situations, by definition, overwhelm health services, it is likely that nursing students will be required to join their colleagues in the response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the competency of nursing students to attend disaster situations. Methods: This descriptive, analytical study was conducted in western Iran in 2020. A total of 70 nursing students in the fourth (final) year of their undergraduate nursing education entered the study by a census sampling method. Data collection was undertaken using a validated disaster competency assessment questionnaire. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY) with descriptive and analytic tests. Results: The mean age of participants was 21.4 ± 2.14 and 57.1% of them were women; 45 participants (64.3%) had received no disaster-related training, and 88.6% had no history of participating in disaster exercises. The total score for nursing students’ competence was 125.58 ± 14.19. There was a significant relationship between the mean score of nursing competence in response to disasters and student history of participating in an exercise and training course (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Students’ competence in disaster situations is poor. Awareness of the competence condition of nurses is the first step to improve their preparedness as the most key members of the disaster health team. Conducting disaster-related training may be appropriate. The results of this study can provide evidence for the development of educational policies in disaster nursing education.

Dichoropetalum viarium (Apiaceae), a new species from Lorestan Province, Western Iran

A new species, Dichoropetalum viarium (Apiaceae), is described from the Lorestan Province, Western Iran. The new species differs from D. paucijugum, D. aromaticum, and D. chryseum in the height, shape, diameter, and branching of the stem, shape of the terminal leaf lobes, shape of the bracteoles, shape and size of the mericarps, and shape of the stylopodium. In addition, D. viarium is recognized as a separate species by molecular analysis of nrITS.

Seroprevalence of Human Cystic Echinococcosis in Sanandaj City, Kurdistan Province, Western Iran

Background and Aims: Echinococcus granulosus (E. granulosus) is a cestode parasite that causes cystic hydatid disease in humans worldwide. Iran is one of the endemic regions for infection that indicate the importance and presence of infection in this country. Therefore, the current research aimed to characterize the seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in Sanandaj city, Kurdistan province, western Iran. Materials and methods: Totally, 500 serum samples were collected from patients referred to different health centers in Sanandaj city using cluster sampling in 2018-2019. All the sera were examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Results: The seroprevalence of human hydatidosis was reported at 2.2% by ELISA test in Sanandaj city. This rate was 9 (1.9%) in women and 2 (0.4) in men. The age group of 20-30 years old had the highest positivity rate (1.0%). Also, the subjects that consumed home slaughtered meat had the highest infection rate at 4 (0.8%). There was no significant difference regarding factors studied such as sex, education, residence, consumed water, keeping a dog, and the seropositivity. Conclusions: Seroprevalence of human cystic echinococcosis in Sanandaj city is lower than the general prevalence in Iran. Our research team hopes to provide accurate data on the prevalence of hydatidosis in Sanandaj encourage more extensive research to help prevent this parasite in Iran and worldwide.