Faculty Opinions recommendation of The prokaryote messenger c-di-GMP triggers stalk cell differentiation in Dictyostelium.

The differentiation-inducing factor, DIF, was induce stalk cell differentiation in Dictyostelium incubated as submerged monolayers. We investigated the regulates the differentiation of stalk cells in the was found that in migrating or submerged slugs DIF cell differentiation, which is most likely due to the antagonist. Cyclic AMP and ammonia were earlier antagonists in vitro. We show here that ammonia, but an antagonist for DIF-induced stalk cell can induce stalk cell differentiation when ammonia are enzymically depleted. However, depletion of cAMP increase the efficacy of DIF. We propose that the cell differentiation during early culmination may be drop in ammonia levels inside the organism.

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Cellular differentiation and pattern formation in the absence of morphogenesis in the cellular slime mould Polysphondylium pallidum: evidence for a biochemical tip (organizer) in submerged aggregates

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/m81-145 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 924-936 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Gary D. Paterno ◽

Danton H. O'Day

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Cellular Differentiation ◽

Periodic Acid ◽

Neutral Red ◽

Stalk Cell ◽

Periodic Acid Schiff ◽

Slime Mould ◽

Polysphondylium Pallidum ◽

Cellular Slime ◽

Roller Tube Culture

When amoebae of Polysphondylium pallidum WS320 are placed in nonnutrient buffer in roller tube culture they form spherical or ellipsoidal aggregates. At first the aggregates demonstrate a "loose" morphology but by 12 h, with the formation of a cellulose-containing, peripheral sheath, they become "tight" aggregates. At this time stalk differentiation begins. Using various methods for the resolution of prespore (ultrastructure, spore antigen immunofluorescence, periodic acid – Schiff staining) and prestalk (ultrastructure, alkaline phosphatase histochemistry, neutral red staining, Calcofluor fluorescence) cell localization, the pattern of cell differentiation in submerged aggregates was shown to be essentially identical to that of normal pseudoplasmodia. Furthermore, using a cAMP bioassay it was revealed that the submerged aggregates, while devoid of a morphological tip, do possess a biochemical tip which is correlated with sites of neutral red staining and stalk cell differentiation. As a result of these studies, an earlier argument that the tip of the pseudoplasmodium is not essential for the establishment of pattern or in the "organization" of cellular differentiation during slime mould development is contradicted.

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Increased intracellular pH is necessary for adult epithelial and embryonic stem cell differentiation

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201606042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 215 (3) ◽

pp. 345-355 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Bryne Ulmschneider ◽

Bree K. Grillo-Hill ◽

Marimar Benitez ◽

Dinara R. Azimova ◽

Diane L. Barber ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Stem Cell ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Intracellular Ph ◽

Embryonic Stem ◽

Stem Cell Differentiation ◽

Follicle Cells ◽

Stalk Cell ◽

Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation

Despite extensive knowledge about the transcriptional regulation of stem cell differentiation, less is known about the role of dynamic cytosolic cues. We report that an increase in intracellular pH (pHi) is necessary for the efficient differentiation of Drosophila adult follicle stem cells (FSCs) and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We show that pHi increases with differentiation from FSCs to prefollicle cells (pFCs) and follicle cells. Loss of the Drosophila Na+–H+ exchanger DNhe2 lowers pHi in differentiating cells, impairs pFC differentiation, disrupts germarium morphology, and decreases fecundity. In contrast, increasing pHi promotes excess pFC cell differentiation toward a polar/stalk cell fate through suppressing Hedgehog pathway activity. Increased pHi also occurs with mESC differentiation and, when prevented, attenuates spontaneous differentiation of naive cells, as determined by expression of microRNA clusters and stage-specific markers. Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized role of pHi dynamics for the differentiation of two distinct types of stem cell lineages, which opens new directions for understanding conserved regulatory mechanisms.

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Dictyopyrones, novel α-pyronoids isolated from Dictyostelium spp., promote stalk cell differentiation in Dictyostelium discoideum

Differentiation ◽

10.1111/j.1432-0436.2005.00039.x ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 73 (7) ◽

pp. 377-384 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Akiko Arai ◽

Yukino Goto ◽

Aiko Hasegawa ◽

Kohei Hosaka ◽

Haruhisa Kikuchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Stalk Cell

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Induction of Stalk Cell Differentiation by Cyclic AMP in the Cellular Slime Mold Dictyostelium discoideum

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.65.1.111 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

pp. 111-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

J. T. Bonner

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Cyclic Amp ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Slime Mold ◽

Stalk Cell ◽

Cellular Slime Mold ◽

Slime Mold Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Cellular Slime

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Identification and analysis of a gene that is essential for morphogenesis and prespore cell differentiation in Dictyostelium

Development ◽

10.1242/dev.125.14.2565 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 125 (14) ◽

pp. 2565-2576 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

H. Yasukawa ◽

S. Mohanty ◽

R.A. Firtel

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Differentiation ◽

Cell Fate ◽

Stalk Cell ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Wild Type ◽

Cell Type ◽

Primary Defect ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

Prespore Cell

We have identified a gene (PslA) that is expressed throughout Dictyostelium development and encodes a novel protein that is required for proper aggregation and subsequent cell-type differentiation and morphogenesis. pslA null (pslA-) cells produce large aggregation streams under conditions in which wild-type cells form discrete aggregates. Tips form along the stream, elongate to produce a finger, and eventually form a terminal structure that lacks a true sorus (spore head). More than half of the cells remain as a mass at the base of the developing fingers. The primary defect in the pslA- strain is the inability to induce prespore cell differentiation. Analyses of gene expression show a complete lack of prespore-specific gene expression and no mature spores are produced. In chimeras with wild-type cells, pslA- cells form the prestalk domain and normal, properly proportioned fruiting bodies can be produced. This indicates that pslA- cells are able to interact with wild-type cells and regulate patterning, even though pslA- cells are unable to express prespore cell-type-specific genes, do not participate in prespore cell differentiation and do not produce pslA- spores in the chimeras. While pslA- cells produce mature, vacuolated stalk cells during multicellular development, pslA- cells are unable to do so in vitro in response to exogenous DIF (a morphogen required for prestalk and stalk cell differentiation). These results indicate that pslA- cells exhibit a defect in the prestalk/stalk cell pathways under these experimental conditions. Our results suggest that PslA's primary function is to regulate prespore cell determination very early in the prespore pathway via a cell-autonomous mechanism, possibly at the time of the initial prestalk/prespore cell-fate decision. Indirect immunofluorescence of myc-tagged PslA localizes the protein to the nucleus, suggesting that PslA may function to control the prespore pathway at the level of transcription.

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PARASEXUAL GENETIC ANALYSIS OF CELL PROPORTIONING MUTANTS OF DICTYOSTELIUM DISCOIDEUM

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/99.2.183 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 99 (2) ◽

pp. 183-196

Author(s):

James H Morrissey ◽

William F Loomis

Keyword(s):

Cell Differentiation ◽

Linkage Group ◽

Genetic Analysis ◽

Dictyostelium Discoideum ◽

Double Mutant ◽

Complementation Group ◽

Stalk Cell ◽

Recessive Mutation ◽

Group Vi ◽

Recessive Mutations

ABSTRACT Eight independently isolated mutants of Dictyostelium discoideum that differentiate exclusively into stalk cells make up one complementation group and carry single recessive mutations at the stalky locus, stkA, located on linkage group II. KY19, a previously described strain that differentiates into spores, but not stalk cells, was found to possess a recessive mutation defining the stalkless locus, stlA, located on linkage group VI. An analysis of the properties of these mutants, together with the phenotype of a haploid double mutant carrying stkA and stlA indicates that stlA results in poorly organized stalk tubes and incomplete stalk cell differentiation, while stkA causes all of the cells to differentiate into stalk cells, even when not enclosed in the stalk tube. The significance of these results is discussed in relation to current theories of pattern formation in D. discoideum.

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