scholarly journals Faculty Opinions recommendation of Deterministic actin waves as generators of cell polarization cues.

Author(s):  
Marina Guenza
2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 515-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoyuki Inagaki ◽  
Hiroko Katsuno

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sept ◽  
Anders E. Carlsson

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed significant developments in molecular biology techniques, fluorescent labeling, and super-resolution microscopy, and together these advances have vastly increased our quantitative understanding of the cell. This detailed knowledge has concomitantly opened the door for biophysical modeling on a cellular scale. There have been comprehensive models produced describing many processes such as motility, transport, gene regulation, and chemotaxis. However, in this review we focus on a specific set of phenomena, namely cell polarization, F-actin waves, and cytokinesis. In each case, we compare and contrast various published models, highlight the relevant aspects of the biology, and provide a sense of the direction in which the field is moving.


2019 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 826-835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiza Stankevicins ◽  
Nicolas Ecker ◽  
Emmanuel Terriac ◽  
Paolo Maiuri ◽  
Rouven Schoppmeyer ◽  
...  

Dendritic cells “patrol” the human body to detect pathogens. In their search, dendritic cells perform a random walk by amoeboid migration. The efficiency of pathogen detection depends on the properties of the random walk. It is not known how the dendritic cells control these properties. Here, we quantify dendritic cell migration under well-defined 2-dimensional confinement and in a 3-dimensional collagen matrix through recording their long-term trajectories. We find 2 different migration states: persistent migration, during which the dendritic cells move along curved paths, and diffusive migration, which is characterized by successive sharp turns. These states exhibit differences in the actin distributions. Our theoretical and experimental analyses indicate that this kind of motion can be generated by spontaneous actin polymerization waves that contribute to dendritic cell polarization and migration. The relative distributions of persistent and diffusive migration can be changed by modification of the molecular actin filament nucleation and assembly rates. Thus, dendritic cells can control their migration patterns and adapt to specific environments. Our study offers an additional perspective on how dendritic cells tune their searches for pathogens.


Author(s):  
Beth Burnside

The vertebrate photoreceptor provides a drammatic example of cell polarization. Specialized to carry out phototransduction at its distal end and to synapse with retinal interneurons at its proximal end, this long slender cell has a uniquely polarized morphology which is reflected in a similarly polarized cytoskeleton. Membranes bearing photopigment are localized in the outer segment, a modified sensory cilium. Sodium pumps which maintain the dark current critical to photosensory transduction are anchored along the inner segment plasma membrane between the outer segment and the nucleus.Proximal to the nucleus is a slender axon terminating in specialized invaginating synapses with other neurons of the retina. Though photoreceptor diameter is only 3-8u, its length from the tip of the outer segment to the synapse may be as great as 200μ. This peculiar linear cell morphology poses special logistical problems and has evoked interesting solutions for numerous cell functions. For example, the outer segment membranes turn over by means of a unique mechanism in which new disks are continuously added at the proximal base of the outer segment, while effete disks are discarded at the tip and phagocytosed by the retinal pigment epithelium. Outer segment proteins are synthesized in the Golgi near the nucleus and must be transported north through the inner segment to their sites of assembly into the outer segment, while synaptic proteins must be transported south through the axon to the synapse.The role of the cytoskeleton in photoreceptor motile processes is being intensely investigated in several laboratories.


2014 ◽  
Vol 122 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
VI Alexaki ◽  
I Charalampopoulos ◽  
A Neuwirth ◽  
B Soehnnichsen ◽  
C Echeverri ◽  
...  

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