scholarly journals The Effect of Soil Coverings on Soil Respiration in Sandy Soil

2003 ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
Csaba Varga
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
The Other ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Favourable Effect ◽  
Control Soil ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Soil Co2 Production

The purpose of our experiments is to study effect of different soil coverings (porous black polyethylene called agroszövet and black polyethylene) on CO2 production in sandy soil. The CO2 production was measured in our laboratory according to Witkamp (1966 cit. Szegi, 1979), after 5 days’ incubation period. Samples were taken off four times (March, May, July, September) in every year of the experiment. In May, July and September of 2000, the CO2 production was significantly higher in the control than in the treatment soil. With the exception of September, the value of CO2 production was significantly higher under black polyethylene than under agroszövet. In March and May of 2001, the soil under black polyethylene, and in July and September the control soil produced the greatest quantity of CO2. With the exception of July, significantly more CO2 was produced under black polyethylene than under agroszövet. To study the dynamic of CO2 production there was find a significantly higher value May and September of 2001 than 2000. Similarly significant higher CO2 production was detected in September than in the other months In average of two experimental years the difference between the produced CO2 under different coverings was occasionally. Explicit upward tendency in soil CO2 production was detected only in case of control soil. There was a medium (r=0,413) relationship observed between the moisture content and the CO2 producing ability of soil. To sum up the soil coverings had favourable effect on soil CO2 production very rearly, but they could help to conserve the moisture content of soil.

Effects of elevated O3 on soil respiration in a winter wheat - soybean rotation cropland

Soil Research ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shutao Chen ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Haishan Chen ◽  
Zhenghua Hu
Keyword(s):  
Soil Respiration ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Elevated O3 ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Nitrification And Denitrification ◽  
Soil Co2 Production

The increasing tropospheric ozone (O3) concentration has been reported to have negative effects on ecosystems. However, few investigations have focussed on the impacts of elevated O3 on soil respiration in cropland. This study aimed to examine the responses of soil respiration to elevated O3 with open-top chambers (OTCs) in a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) rotation. The experiment was performed in the cropland near Nanjing city, south-east China. Seasonal changes in soil respiration rates, soil CO2 production rates, and nitrification and denitrification rates in ambient air (control) and elevated O3 (100 ppb) treatments were investigated in the 2009–10 winter wheat and 2010 soybean growing seasons. Seasonal mean soil respiration rates for the control and 100 ppb treatments were 3.16 and 2.66 μmol/m2.s, respectively, in the winter wheat growing season, and they were 3.59 and 2.51 μmol/m2.s, respectively, in the soybean growing season. Mean soil respiration rate in the control was ~29% higher than that in the 100 ppb treatment across the whole winter wheat–soybean rotation season. Elevated O3 significantly decreased soil respiration in both crops, with a larger effect observed in soybean. Mean soil CO2 production rates were reduced by ~42% in the 100 ppb O3 treatment compared with the control. No O3 effects were observed on soil nitrification and denitrification during the period monitored. A further analysis of covariance showed that soil respiration was significantly correlated with both soil temperature and moisture, and no interaction effects of O3 treatment and covariate (temperature or moisture) were observed.

scholarly journals Inversely Estimating the Vertical Profile of the Soil CO2 Production Rate in a Deciduous Broadleaf Forest Using a Particle Filtering Method

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. e0119001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gen Sakurai ◽  
Seiichiro Yonemura ◽  
Ayaka W. Kishimoto-Mo ◽  
Shohei Murayama ◽  
Toshiyuki Ohtsuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Rate ◽  
Particle Filtering ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Broadleaf Forest ◽  
Filtering Method ◽  
Soil Co2 Production ◽  
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest

Effects of sieving on estimations of microbial biomass, and carbon and nitrogen mineralization, in soil under pasture

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
DJ Ross ◽  
TW Speir ◽  
KR Tate ◽  
VA Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Net Mineralization ◽  
Biochemical Indices ◽  
Soil Co2 Production

Biochemical indices of microbial biomass and other biochemical properties of a Typic Haplaquoll, sampled under pasture over four seasons, were compared in intact cores and soil sieved through a 6 mm and a 2 mm mesh. Sieving had an inconsistent influence on biomass C estimates, which tended, however, to be higher in <2 mm-mesh than in <6 mm-mesh soil. Sieving had no deleterious effect on mineral-N flush values, and no significant effect on biomass P, and generally adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), contents. Judged by the values of biomass C/ATP and biomass C/mineral-N flush ratios, the biomass C estimates of winter samples, collected under water-logged conditions, were unrealistically low, particularly in sieved soil. CO2 production by soil at a standardized water potential tended to be lowest in <2 mm-mesh samples. In contrast, net mineralization of N, in all except the winter <2 mm-mesh soil, was highest in sieved soil, as generally were extractable inorganic and organic P contents. Overall, sieving is considered preferable to the use of intact cores for measurements of these biochemical properties in soil under pasture.

THE INFLUENCE OF SOME HEXITOLS AND SUGARS ON CO2 PRODUCTION BY STARVED AND X-IRRADIATED, STARVED YEAST CELLS

1967 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 811-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Spoerl ◽  
R. J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
High Capacity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Stabilizing Agent ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Radiation Induced ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
The Difference

The rates of CO2 production from glucose by irradiated and unirradiated yeast cells (incubated 21 hours in solutions of mannitol, ribose, methyl glucose, or cellobiose) were the same; but in a similar experiment, involving a 21-hour incubation in water, irradiated cells produced CO2 at a higher rate than did unirradiated cells. Incubation of the cells with the above compounds also eliminated a lag period in CO2 output and preserved a high capacity to produce CO2. On the other hand, incubation with glucose or fructose, though it eliminated the lag, lowered the rate of CO2 output and did not eliminate the difference in output between irradiated and unirradiated cells. Conversion of cells to spheroplasts also eliminated the radiation-induced difference in the rate of CO2 production, and, because sorbitol was used as a stabilizing agent for the spheroplasts, suggested first that sorbitol and other hexitols and sugars be examined. Reincubation, after a 21-hour starvation in water, with any of the compounds tested removed the lag period, though CO2 output was reduced.

Effect of mineral and organic fertilization on the yield and soil CO2 production in field and pot experiments

2013 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Hoffmann ◽  
Katalin Berecz ◽  
Ágnes Bálint ◽  
Krisztina Kristóf ◽  
Györgyi Kampfl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Production ◽  
Soil Co2 ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
Soil Co2 Production

Tenyészedény-kísérleteket végeztünk egy szántóföldi tartamtrágyázási kísérletre épülve, hogy összehasonlítsuk a szerves- és ásványi trágyázás, valamint ezek kombinációjának hatását kukoricanövények szárazanyag-produkciójára és N-felhalmozására, valamint a talajlevegő CO2-koncentrációjára.A Keszthelyen, Ramann-típusú barna erdőtalajon, 1963-ban beállított szántóföldi kísérlet alábbi kezeléseinek parcelláiról töltöttünk meg nagyméretű, 40 literes tenyészedényeket: a) kontroll; b) növekvő adagú istállótrágyázás (FYM) (35, 70, 105 t·ha−1·év−1); c) ezzel ekvivalens hatóanyag-tartalmú NPK-trágyázás (1ekv, 2ekv, 3ekv); d) ezek nagy NPK-adagokkal történő kombinációja (640-360-660 kg·ha−1·év−1 N-P2O5-K2O), szervesanyag-visszapótlással vagy anélkül. Az üvegházban, teljes érésig felnevelt növényeket szervrészekre bontva vizsgáltuk. A tenyészedényekben, 20 cm talajmélységben gázcsapdákat helyeztünk el és a teljes vegetáció során vizsgáltuk a talajlevegő CO2-koncentrációját.A három kísérleti év és a kétféle kísérleti szint terméseredményeit összegezve megállapíthatjuk, hogy mind a tenyészedény-, mind a szántóföldi kísérletek az istállótrágya NPK-tartalmával azonos mennyiségű ásványi trágyázás előnyét mutatták az istállótrágyázáshoz képest. Ez az előny a tenyészedényekben csaknem minden esetben szignifikánsan megmutatkozott a kukoricanövények szemtermésében és szem N-hozamában a kísérleti évek átlagában. A nagy ásványitrágya-adagokat tartalmazó, kombinált kezelések adták a legmagasabb értékeket a kukoricaszemek, az egyes vegetatív szervrészek, valamint a teljes föld feletti növények szárazanyagprodukcióját és N-hozamát, valamint a szántóföldi kísérlet terméseredményeit illetően is. Ezek a tápanyagadagok nagyságukat illetően azonban már többnyire nem voltak gazdaságosak.A különböző szerves és/vagy ásványi trágya kezeléskombinációk a vegetációs periódus első felében növelték a talajlevegő CO2-koncentrációját. A CO2 gáz képződése a tenyészidő második felében csökkenő tendenciát mutatott. A méréseket megelőző két nap átlagos külső léghőmérsékletének napi középértéke jó összefüggést mutatott a talajban mért CO2-koncentrációkkal. A nagyadagú NPK kezeléskombinációk átlagosan 26,2%-kal növelték a kumulatív gázkoncentrációt a trágyázatlan kontrollhoz képest, az eltérő tápanyagellátási módok hatása között a szemtermés-hozamban és a vegetatív produkcióban kimutatott különbségek azonban nem voltak egyértelműen igazolhatók.

Study on Slaking Particle Distribution Characteristics of Carbonaceous Mudstone

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 352-356
Author(s):  
Hong Yuan Fu ◽  
Gong Ke Zhou ◽  
Ling Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Particle Distribution ◽  
Particle Diameter ◽  
The Other ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
The Difference

In order to find out the slaking mechanism of carbonaceous mudstone, this study puts two different samples in the indoor soaking slaking test, one of dried sample and the other original one. After comparing the characteristics of carbonaceous mudstone slaking particles 's distribution under different moisture content conditions , the result shows: The main reason for carbonaceous mudstone slaking is the change of moisture content resulting from dry-wet circulation. The difference in moisture content partly affects the process and slaking product before slaking. The lower the moisture content is, the smaller the slaking particle diameter is and the more thoroughly the slaking is. As the particle diameter of the slaking product decreases, its slaking gradually weakens and even disappears.

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