scholarly journals The Possibilities of Futures and Option Hedge in Price Risk Management for GrainProduction

2003 ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
László Kozár
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Market Strategy ◽  
Futures Contract ◽  
Real Market ◽  
Price Risk Management

The greataest risk tograin production is fluctuation in market prices, which is over 50% over the course of a year; and year by year, as well. There are real market circumstances in the grain market, instead of state guaranteed fix prices, which was the norm under the former political system.According to the general opinion of producers, losses come from their defencelessness against buyers. The real situation is that price risk can be managed by suitable market strategy, and loss production can be avoided.Hungary has a futures market (which is organized according to the CBOT system) in the grain sector, which is an unique institute in Europe. This organisation is suitable for hedge businesses and it has convenient technical and institutional background.There are two possibilities to make hedge business. One of them is the short hedge with futures contract when the producer sells his product for long term if an acceptable profit is included in market price. In this case seller can protect himself against low market prices.This technique can be considered as professional for price risk management, but possibly has financial cost because of the weak financial situation of Hungarian producers this solution seems expensive for them.There is an other possibility in the Commodity Exchange for manage price risk, that is the option technique. This solution is suitable for insure prices as well, and has an other additional advantage, namely: there is no financial costs in this case.

scholarly journals Price discovery and market efficiency of cardamom in India

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N. Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Price Discovery ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Futures Contract ◽  
Forward Market ◽  
Day Of The Week ◽  
Price Risk Management

Purpose Transparent and fair price discovery is essential to commodity market participants in the trade value chain for competitive benefit. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the price discovery of Indian cardamom at e-auction, spot and futures markets in addition to the existence of the day of the week effect at e-auction apart from exploring a novel price risk management framework. Design/methodology/approach This study used Johansen co-integration, vector error correction model, Granger causality and regression with dummy variables to understand a day of the week effect in high-value agri-commodity of cardamom e-auction prices. These price data were based on authenticated sources of Spices Board India and Multi Commodity Exchange of India Ltd. Findings The statistical results indicate price discovery exists in the e-auction market and it leads to spot and futures prices. cardamom e-auction prices are negatively related to cardamom futures and positively related to spot prices. It also finds the non-existence of the day of the week effect in the high-value cardamom e-auction system in India. The study revealed that a cardamom e-auction is more active in price discovery than a cardamom futures contract. Research limitations/implications These results shall facilitate policymakers to explore intervention of online forward market mechanism at the national level to ensure price discovery and market efficiency. However, the study did not explore reasons for the non-equilibrium of a cardamom futures contract with spot and e-auction market. Practical implications The results of this study are useful in understanding the price discovery of cardamom e-auction and its role in the spot and futures market. Cardamom price discovery depends upon the e-auction system; any change of auction policy shall be binding on Indian cardamom prices. The introduction of an online forward market mechanism as described in the paper shall facilitate price risk management apart from improving the efficiency of price discovery. Originality/value This is the first study considering cardamom e-auction, spot and futures prices in the price discovery process in India. Statistical results of a day of the week effect clearly show no significant volatility of cardamom prices during the week. Besides, this study did not find the role of cardamom futures contracts intended to serve the economic function of price discovery and price risk management. Hence, suggests policy intervention for implementing an online Forward Market mechanism for Indian cardamom to ensure market efficiency and manage price risk.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of the management of price risk methodologies for the corn market based on trading signals

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17
Author(s):  
Willem Rossouw ◽  
Jacobus Young
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Efficient Market Hypothesis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Efficient Market ◽  
Price Movement ◽  
Futures Contract ◽  
Price Risk Management ◽  
Chicago Board Of Trade

Corn production is scattered geographically over various continents, but most of it is grown in the United States. As such, the world price of corn futures contracts is largely dominated by North American corn prices as traded on the Chicago Board of Trade. In recent years, this market has been characterised by an increase in price volatility and magnitude of price movement as a result of decreasing stock levels. The development and implementation of an effective and successful derivative price risk management strategy based on the Chicago Board of Trade corn futures contract will therefore be of inestimable value to market stakeholders worldwide. The research focused on the efficient market hypothesis and the possibility of contesting this phenomenon through an application of a derivative price risk management methodology. The methodology is based on a combination of an analysis of market trends and technical oscillators with the objective of generating returns superior to that of a market benchmark. The study found that market participants are currently unable to exploit price movement in a manner which results in returns that contest the notion of efficient markets. The methodology proposed, however, does allow the user to consistently achieve returns superior to that of a predetermined market benchmark. The benchmark price for the purposes of this study was the average price offered by the market over the contract lifetime, and as such, the efficient market hypothesis was successfully contested.

Hedging as a Method of Price Risk Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lilia Mirgaziyanovna Yusupova ◽  
Irina Arkadevna Kodolova ◽  
Tatyana Viktorovna Nikonova ◽  
Bulat Talgatovich Yakupov
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Price Risk Management

Price risk management using forward contracts: the case of farmers in Pakistan

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahab E. Saqib ◽  
John K.M. Kuwornu ◽  
Ubaid Ali ◽  
Sanaullah Panezai ◽  
Irfan Ahmad Rana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Forward Contracts ◽  
Price Risk Management

scholarly journals Factors affecting the use of price risk management tools by large commercial maize producers in South Africa

2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Brown ◽  
G. F. Ortmann ◽  
M. A.G. Darroch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Crop Insurance ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Complementary Method ◽  
Price Risk Management

Ordinary Least Squares regression was used to examine what characteristics affect the use of maize price risk management tools by a sample of large commercial South African maize producers in 1998. The use of maize storage facilities, off-farm employment, formal crop insurance, length of formal education of operators and the proportion of farm turnover from maize, all positively influence producers' use of these tools. Crop insurance thus appeared to be a complementary method of risk management. In contrast to previous United States studies, operators' self-rated score of marketing management ability was negatively related to the use of price risk management tools. Maize marketing seminars and other sources of information on managing price risk would reduce adoption costs and encourage broader producer participation

Sociological Factors Affecting Agricultural Price Risk Management in Australia*

2010 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-572
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Jackson ◽  
Mohammed Quaddus ◽  
Nazrul Islam ◽  
John Stanton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Price Risk ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Sociological Factors ◽  
Agricultural Price ◽  
Price Risk Management
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