Residential Mobility of a Cohort of Homeless People in Times of Crisis: COVID-19 Pandemic in an European Metropolis

Most vulnerable individuals are particularly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study takes place in a large city in France. The aim of this study is to describe the mobility of the homeless population at the begin-ning of the health crisis and to analyze its impact in terms of COVID-19 prevalence. From June to August 2020 and September to December 2020, 1272 homeless people were invited to be tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and virus in and completed questionnaires. Our data show that homeless populations are sociologically dif-ferent depending on where they live. We show that people living on the street were most likely to be relocated to emergency shelters than other inhabitants. Some neighborhoods are points of attraction for homeless peo-ple in the city while others emptied during the health crisis, which had consequences for virus circulation. People with a greater number of different dwellings reported became more infected. This first study of the mo-bility and epidemiology of homeless people in time of pandemic provides unique information about mobility mapping, sociological factors of this mobility, mobility at different scales and epidemiological consequences. We suggest that homeless policies need to be radically transformed since actual model exposes people to infection in emergency.

Defining Food Safety Inspection

Food safety inspections are a key health protection measure applied by governments to prevent foodborne illness, yet they remain the subject of sustained criticism. These criticisms include inconsistency and inadequacy of methods applied to inspection, and ineffectiveness in preventing foodborne illness. Investigating the validity of these criticisms represent important areas for further research. However, a defined construct around the meanings society attributes to food safety inspection must first be established. Through critical examination of available literature, this review identified meanings attributed to food safety inspection and explicates some of the key elements that compose food safety inspection as a social construct. A total of 18 meanings were found to be attributed to food safety inspection. Variation in meanings were found between consumers, food business associates and food safety inspectors. For some, inspection meant a source of assurance, for others a threat to fairness, while most view inspection as a product of resources and inspector training. The meanings were then examined in light of common criticisms directed at food safety inspection, to expound their influence in how food safety inspection is realized, shaped, and rationalized. This review highlights the influence of sociological factors in defining food safety inspection.

KEADILAN BAGI PENYALAHGUNA NARKOTIKA DI INDONESIA

This article presents the perceptions of Indonesian Judges in sentencing minor drug offenders. The judge holds a central role in the sentencing process, and because of the judicial discretion they can use it is essential to understand how judges come to their sentencing decisions. To develop an understanding of how judges perceive their actions in decision-making and sentencing of drug users, a total of 31 participants were interviewed. The data demonstrated that justice is presented as conditional, depending on various influencing factors that are primarily, though not entirely, one of tension and contradiction. One of the factors that influence the judge's decision is politics and the legal apparatus. This article contributes to the perception of judges who are influenced by juridical and sociological factors.

EFEKTIVITAS PEMBAGIAN HARTA BERSAMA TERHADAP PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA SUNGGUMINASA KELAS IB

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengkaji efektivitas pembagian harta bersama terhadap perceraian di pengadilan agama sungguminasa kelas IB. Jenis penelitian hukum normative. Jenis data sekunder yaitu Putusan Pengadilan Agama Kabupaten Gowa Nomor 79/Pdt.G/2017/Pa.Sgm. Teknik pengumpulan bahan hukum Studi Kepustakaan. Analisis data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efektivitas pembagian harta Bersama berasarkan putusan nomor 79/PDT.G/2017/PA. SGM telah efektif yang ditunjau berdasar kedudukan Hukum (legal standing) yang diperoleh penggugat serta partisipasi Pemerintah dan Aparat dalam membantu penggugat mendapatkan haknya efektif karena telah memenuhi mekanisme hukum yang ada. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efektivitas pembagian harta bersama terhadap perceraian pada putusan nomor 79/PDT.G/2017/PA. SGM meliputi pada factor sosiologi yaitu penetapan putusan dan adanya pendukung seperti fasilitas. Sedangkan factor psikologi meliputi pada ketidakadilan ini sangat berkaitan dengan pola padang suami selaku penanggungjawab keluarga terhadap istri selaku ibu rumah tangga serta pengaruh budaya dan ideologi yang menjadi pertimbangan dalam memberikan hak seorang istri. The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of the sharing of joint assets on divorce in the class IB sungguminasa religion court. This study is normative legal research. The type of secondary data is the Decision of the Religion Court of Gowa Regency Number 79 / PDT. G / 2017 / Pa. Sgm. The technique of collecting legal materials used in this research is Library Research. The data analysis used is qualitative analysis. The results showed the effectiveness of sharing joint assets based on decision number 79 / PDT.G / 2017 / PA. SGM has been effective based on the legal standing obtained by the plaintiff and the participation of the Government and the Apparatus in helping the plaintiff get his / her rights effectively because it has fulfilled the existing legal mechanisms. The factors that affect the effectiveness of the sharing of joint assets include sociological factors, namely the decision making and the existence of supporters such as facilities. While the psychological factor covering this injustice is closely related to the perspective of the husband as the head of the family and the wife as a housewife, as well as the influence of culture and ideology that are considered in giving the rights of a wife.

Age-appropriate, pragmatic content in personal correspondence

This article examines vulgarism and dialectisms, which are considered to be elements of vulgarity in personal correspondence. In the linguistic examination conducted in anonymous cases, the form, frequency, and pragmatic content of the use of non-literary elements also play a leading role in determining the age of a person. The article examines the pragmatic direction, communicative purpose, frequency of use of non-literary elements in the correspondence of individuals aged 17-27 on average, and concludes. A survey was also conducted among school-age students to study the influence of the family environment on the use of non-literal lexical elements in a child’s speech. The nature of the use of non-verbal elements in personal correspondence depends on neurological, psychological, and sociological factors. Unethical behavior can also be related to a person's emotional state. Some personal correspondence uses obscene lexical elements, some positive and some negative. Speech situation and communicative purpose also played an important role in the use of non-literary lexical items.

Cross-dialectal diversity in Mukrī Kurdish I: Phonological and phonetic variation

This article provides a comparative overview of phonological and phonetic differences of Mukrī Kurdish varieties and their geographical distribution. Based on the examined data, four distinct varieties can be distinguished. In each variety area, different phonological patterns are analyzed according to age, gender, and social groups in order to establish cross-regional and cross-generational developments in relation to specific phonological distributions and shifts. The variety regions which are examined in the present article include West Mukrī (representing an archaic form of Mukrī), Central Mukrī (representing a linguistically peripheral dialect), East Mukrī (representing mixed archaic and peripheral dialect features), and South Mukrī (sharing features of both Mukrī and Ardałānī). The study concludes that variation in the Mukrīyān region depends on phonological developments, which in turn are due to geographical and sociological factors. Moreover, contact-induced change and internal language development are also established as triggering factors distinguishing regional variants.

VOTING TRENDS IN THE 1986-2018 GENERAL ELECTION IN MALAYSIA BASED ON GEOGRAPHICAL MAPPING

Malaysia adopts a system of parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy which has a first past the post electoral system which is the determination of victory in elections based on a simple majority. Election results are caused by certain factors and will shape certain voting patterns. Therefore, it is the purpose of writing this article to analyze the voting trends in the General Election (GE) 1986-2018 in Malaysia based on the geographical mapping. The writing of this article is based on the 1986-2018 GE results data, field observations during elections, and the production of a geographical distribution map of GE results for Parliament and DUN by using ArcGIS software and analyzed based on authoritative secondary sources. The results show that there are several geographical elements that can be associated with the results and patterns of voting in terms of location and region. The voting pattern between the eight GEs shows a fluctuation or pendulum based on the achievement of the number of seats in both Parliament and DUN between the ruling party which for a long time (1955-2013) namely Perikatan/Barisan Nasional (BN) with opposition parties such as DAP, PAS, PKR, and others. The dynamics of this support are due to, among others, geographical factors and other factors such as issues, leadership, ethnicity, governing experience, media, party ideology, sociological factors, and rational choice. Therefore, it is hoped that the impact of writing this article can provide a new dimension of dynamic electoral political thinking as well as strategic and artistic for the sake of power and can add more data and research information related to electoral politics and electoral geography.

The Impact of Cancer Concealment on Postoperative Esophageal Cancer Patients in Stage T3: A Propensity Scores Matching Analysis

Background Esophageal cancer has a poor prognosis and high mortality rate, and the overall five-year survival rate is pretty low. In addition to medical factors, some psychological and sociological factors can also contribute to it. Methods We selected postoperative T3 esophageal cancer patients hospitalized from June 2015 to December 2016 as research subjects, and divided them into a cancer-awareness group and a cancer-concealment group. Several variables are allowed for evaluating 36-month progress-free survival of the two groups. Propensity Scores Matching analysis were used to adjust selection bias. Results There were 72 patients enrolled in the study. Sex and cancer concealment were significantly predicted poor survival while stage, pathological differentiation, education background and age were not (P = 0.017, 0.020, 0.302, 0.177, 0.068, 0.054, respectively). Cox multivariate regression analysis shows sex and cancer concealment were independent predictors of progress-free survival of esophageal cancer at postoperative T3 stage (harzard ratio = 0.264, 95% confidence interval: 0.099–0.703, P = 0.008; harzard ratio = 2.823, 95% confidence interval: 1.360–5.861, P = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions Cancer concealment is an important negative predictors of postoperative esophageal cancer patients' progress-free survival.

Role of Servicescape on Student Institution Choice

In recent years there has been increased discussion of the subjective, emotional and sociological factors influencing student choice of university. However, there is a dearth of information exploring what constitutes these feelings. This exploratory paper uses the conceptual model of the servicescape to provide insight into the emotional factors driving student choice. In-depth interviews with prospective students revealed that first impressions really do count. Students are deterred by poor physical environments and excited by enthusiastic staff and students. Most significantly, the study revealed the necessity of a restorative servicescape to provide both a sense of escape and feeling of belonging. This paper contributes to broadening the application of the servicescape model and to a greater understanding of the impact of the environment on prospective students, and creates an opportunity to inform policy by providing university marketing decision makers with a better understanding of what constitutes the university environment and what makes it appealing to prospective students.

The Influence of Sociological Factors on Student Achievement in Mathematics in Israel

The education system and the higher education system are a main key to enter the occupational system in high-tech industries in science and technology areas—the most successful field in Israel in the last few years. This field ensures much higher income than the economy average and may also lead to social mobility. In order to admit these studies, the higher education system sets preliminary threshold terms as the student’s grade in mathematics matriculation test and the number of study units he studied. As a result, these two systems create a pyramid that as we go higher on it, the learner rate declines.In international perspective the State of Israel was ranked in the lowest places in quantitative literacy achievements in the years 2006-2018. In addition, Israel is one of the countries with the largest disparities among the OECD countries during all research years.This article will present findings from research literature that provide a general overview of student achievements in mathematics in Israel and in addition we will discuss the influence level of sociological factors on student achievement in mathematics.