Fetal Size Classified Using Gestational Days rather than Gestational Weeks Improves Correlation with Stillbirth Risk: A Statewide Population Study.

Objective: Many growth charts provide single centile cutoffs for each week of gestation, yet fetuses gain weight throughout the week. We aimed to assess whether using a single centile per week distorts the proportion of infants classified as small and their risk of stillbirth across the week. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Victoria, Australia. Population: Singleton, non-anomalous infants born from 2005-2015 (529,261). Methods: We applied growth charts to identify small-for-gestational-age (SGA) fetuses on week-based charts (single centile per gestational week) and day-based charts (centile per gestational day). Main outcome measures: Proportions <10th centile by each chart, and stillbirth risk amongst SGA infants. Results: Using week-based charts, 12.1% of infants born on the first day of a gestational week were SGA, but only 7.8% on the final day; ie. an infant born at the end of the week was 44% less likely to be classed as SGA (p<0.0001). The relative risk of stillbirth amongst SGA infants born on the final day of the week compared with the first was 1.47 (95%CI 1.09-2.00, p=0.01). Using day charts, SGA proportions were similar and stillbirth risk equal between the beginning and end of the week (9.5% vs 9.9%). Conclusions: Growth standards using a single cutoff for a gestational week overestimate the proportion of infants that are small at the beginning of the week and underestimate the proportion at the end. This distorts the risk of stillbirth amongst SGA infants based on when in the week an infant is born. Day-based charts should be used

Biometrics from a Wearable Device Reveals Temporary Effects of COVID-19 Vaccines on Cardiovascular, Respiratory, and Sleep Physiology

Although vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have been proven safe and effective, transient side-effects lasting 24-48 hours post-vaccination have been reported. To better understand the subjective and objective response to COVID-19 vaccination, we conducted a retrospective analysis on 69619 subscribers to a wrist-worn biometric device (WHOOP Inc, Boston, MA, USA) who received either the AstraZeneca, Janssen/Johnson & Johnson, Moderna, or Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine. The WHOOP device measures resting heart rate (RHR), heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory rate (RR), and sleep architecture, and these physiological measures were normalized to the same day of the week, one week prior to vaccination. Averaging across vaccines, RHR, RR, and percent sleep derived from light sleep were elevated on the first night following vaccination and returned to baseline within four nights post-vaccination. When statistical differences were observed between doses on the first night post-vaccination, larger deviations in physiological measures were observed following the first dose of AstraZeneca and the second dose of Moderna and Pfizer/BioNTech. When statistical differences were observed between age groups or gender on the first night post-vaccination, larger deviations in physiological measures were observed in younger populations and in females (compared to males). When combining self-reported symptoms (fatigue, muscle aches, headache, chills, or fever) with the objectively measured physiological parameters, we found that self-reporting fever or chills had the strongest association with deviations in physiological measures following vaccination. In summary, these results suggest that COVID-19 vaccines temporarily affect cardiovascular, respiratory, and sleep physiology, and that dose, gender, and age affect the physiological response to vaccination.

Kripik Bayam di Campur dengan Gula Aren (Amaranthus Gengeticus Arenga Pinuata) Sebagai Alternatif Cemilan Bergizi pada Anak

ABSTRAKUsia 5-10 tahun merupakan usia pertumbuhan maksimal. Pada masa ini anak mengalami masa pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang membutuhkan konsumsi pangan dengan gizi seimbang. Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 menunjukan bahwa Proporsi Konsumsi Buah/Sayur per Hari dalam Seminggu pada Penduduk Umur ≥ 5 Tahun ≥ 5 porsi di Propinsi NTT adalah 7,61 % dan secara spesifik pada Kabupaten Manggarai lebih renda yakni 4,49%. Hasil tersebut berbeda jauh dengan rekomendasi yang dikeluarkan oleh WHO, bahwa konsumsi buah dan sayur adalah 400 g (5 porsi) per hari untuk semua kelompok usia. Permasalahan utama yang dialami oleh anak-anak adalah kurangnya minat anak untuk mengkonmsumsi sayuran. Tujuan dari pembuatan Kripik bayam dicampur dengan gula aren (Amaranthus Gengeticus Arenga Pinuata), adalah menghasilkan inovasi cemilan yang berbahan dasar sayur bayam sebagai alternative pemenuhan gizi pada anak. Kegiatan ini sudah dilakukan di Kecamatan Wae Rii Kabupaten Manggarai, NTT pada bulan Juli 2021. Hasinya 90% anak mengatakan Kripik ini enak dikonsumsi dan menjadi alternative cemilan bergizi untuk mereka. Kata Kunci: Sayur, Kripik Bayam, Gula Aren ABSTRACTThe age of 5-10 years is the age of maximum growth. At this time children experience a period of growth and development that requires food consumption with balanced nutrition. The results of the 2018 Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) show that the proportion of fruit/vegetable consumption per day of the week in the population aged 5 years 5 portions in NTT Province is 7.61% and specifically in Manggarai Regency it is lower at 4.49%. These results differ greatly from the recommendations issued by WHO, that consumption of fruit and vegetables is 400 g (5 servings) per day for all age groups. The main problem experienced by children is their lack of interest in consuming vegetables. The purpose of making spinach chips mixed with palm sugar (Amaranthus Gengeticus Arenga Pinuata), is to produce an innovative snack made from spinach as an alternative for nutritional fulfillment in children. This activity was carried out in Wae Rii Subdistrict, Manggarai Regency, NTT in July 2021. As a result, 90% of children said these chips were delicious to eat and became an alternative nutritious snack for them. Keywords: Vegetables, Spinach Chips, Palm Sugar

The Impact of Traffic and Meteorology on Urban Particle Mass and Particle Number Concentrations: Student-Led Studies Using Mobile Measurements before, during, and after the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdowns

A series of student-led research activities were performed using a cargo bicycle equipped with air chemistry instrumentation to study the dynamics of aerosol particles in urban air before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown periods. The studies examined a high-traffic route and a low-traffic route around the city center of Münster, Germany. A complex picture emerged for how the particle number concentrations (PN) and particle mass concentrations (PM, specifically PM10) were affected by the day of the week, the route selected, the meteorological conditions, and the traffic intensity. Traffic had the most impact on PN through the multitude of exhaust plumes from motorized vehicles. The impact of traffic on PM10 was rather low, which is also mirrored in the general pattern of the low response of PM10 to the pandemic lockdown in Germany. Instead, PM10 responded more to the day of the week. Presumably, PM10 responds either to a specific traffic component, such as commercial low-duty vehicles, or to other business, such as construction activity. Meteorological conditions exert their impact mostly through the relative humidity, which affects particle growth. As such, future research could examine PN and PM10 responses over all seasons of the year. In any case, this student-led study in which high-resolution data were acquired deepened our understanding and broadened our view on particle dynamics in urban air. Well-trained university graduates will contribute to meeting further challenges in studying and combatting air pollution.

Anomali Pada Bursa Efek Indonesia

Anomaly occurs when the return earned is not in accordance with the value it should be and makes the capital market inefficient. The anomalies tested were the day of The Week Effect, Week Four Effect, January Effect and Sell In May And Go Away. The population used is 144 Manufacturing stocks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data analysis technique used to prove the occurrence of anomalies is the Z-value large sample difference test. This study examines anomalies not only in the short term, but also in the long term. The research results prove that there are no anomalies in manufacturing companies in Indonesia in the long run. In the short term, anomalies can occur, namely the sell in May effect in 2015 and the January Effect in 2017 on manufacturing companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

Studies of urban aerosol particle number and mass concentrations with a mobile platform: The roles of COVID-19, traffic, and meteorology

&lt;p&gt;Although urban air pollution is on the decline in central Europe, it still causes several hundreds of thousands of premature deaths per year. The EU standards of atmospheric aerosol particle mass concentrations PM10 and PM2.5 (&amp;#181;g m&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;) have not been exceeded anymore in Germany in 2020, yet there is a rather large uncertainty about the toxicity of particle number concentrations PN (cm&lt;sup&gt;-3&lt;/sup&gt;), for which no legal limits are established. High PN concentrations are typically caused by the exhaust of motorized road vehicles. From 2019 through 2021, national lockdowns in response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in reduced human activity. The traffic intensity was heavily reduced, which should have led to an equally strong reaction of the urban aerosol particle concentrations, specifically the PN concentrations. For NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and PM10, it has been shown for sections of central Europe that the decrease of urban concentrations was not as intense as expected by traffic reduction, because lockdowns coincided with periods of low wind speeds and poor atmospheric exchange conditions. We performed meteorological and air chemistry measurements with an instrumented cargo bicycle before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown periods in M&amp;#252;nster, Germany. During each ride, two circular routes around the city center were realized, a high-traffic route and a low-traffic route. A complex picture emerged with varying impact of the day of the week, selection of route, meteorological conditions, and traffic intensity driving the PN and PM concentrations. Single-ride high-resolution analysis showed convincingly that the multitude of exhaust plumes from motorized vehicles exerted a strong impact on the PN concentrations. A relative importance analysis was performed on the entire dataset. According to the statistical analysis, PM10 responded most to the day of the week. Although the traffic intensity was also low on weekends, the impact of traffic on PM10 was rather low. Presumably, PM10 responded either to a specific traffic component such as commercial, low-duty vehicles, or to other business with weakly cycles such as construction activity. The meteorological conditions exert impact mostly through the relative humidity, which affects particle growth and reduction of the PN concentration. The role of the lockdowns was quite little overall. For future research, a more complete coverage of the seasons of the year is recommended as well as the inclusion of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; measurements on board of the cargo bicycle.&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;

Injury analysis of teachers’ occupational accidents

BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents among teachers are a cause of concern because of their consequences regarding several parts of the body, such as the neck, back, or extremities; however, the number of studies on this issue is limited. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the possible effects of different variables (gender, age, nationality, experience, sector, day of the week, traffic accidents) associated with occupational injuries suffered by teachers. METHODS: All teachers’ accidents recorded in Spain (136,702) from 2003 to 2018 were analyzed. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: For injured female workers, being younger than 45, in her first month of experience, in a public school, without risk assessment, and in a traffic accident are the most important factors related to suffering a neck injury. In the case of injured male workers, to be older than 45, in a private school, and no traffic accidents are the factors detected influence suffering an injury in lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS: Institutions and schools should pay special attention to the highest-risk profiles. Results obtained can be a very useful tool for the design and implementation of specific occupational health and safety strategies adapted to the more vulnerable workers in each kind of injury.