scholarly journals Loss and Disease Development of Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey in an Organic Apple Orchard

2004 ◽  
pp. 6-8
Author(s):  
Imre Holb
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Forficula Auricularia ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Fruit Harvest

In a two-year-study, yield loss and temporal development of incidence of Monilinia fructigena were quantified in organic apple orchards and the importance of fruit wounding agents was determined. The first infected fruits were observed at the beginning of August in 2001 and 2002. Disease development was continuous until fruit harvest in both years. Pre-harvest yield loss caused by Monilinia fructigena amounted on average 27.2% in 2001 and 41.6% in 2002 by fruit harvest. The growth rate of disease development was almost double in 2002 compared to 2001. All infected fruits were injured by wounding agents such as aboitic and mechanical injury factors, codling moth (Cydia pomonella), common earwig (Forficula auricularia) and birds. In this study, the most important wounding agents were codling moth and mechanical injury factors in organic apple orchards. In both years, our results showed that 70-80% of the infected fruits were damaged by codling moth in organic apple production. Moreover, 10-15% of the infected fruits were mechanically injured in the two years. Our results indicated that most of the damaged fruits fell on the orchard floor before harvest and they became an important secondary inoculum source of M. fructigena. Biological and practical implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Disease incidence of Monilinia fructigena coupled with codling moth damage and mechanical injury in an organic apple orchard

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Mechanical Injury ◽  
Monilinia Fructigena ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Fruit Harvest ◽  
Practical Implications

In a two-year-study, disease incidence of Monilinia fructigena were quatified and the importance of certain fruit wounding agents was determined. The first infected fruits were observed at the beginning of August in 2011 and 2012. Disease development was continuous until fruit harvest in both years. Pre-harvest yield loss caused by M. fructigena amounted on average 26.3% in 2011 and 40.4% in 2012 by fruit harvest. All infected fruits were injured mainly by mechanical injury factors and codling moth (Cydia pomonella). In this study, the most important wounding agents were codling moth and mechanical injury factors in organic apple orchards. In both years, our results showed that 65-75% of the infected fruits were damaged by codling moth in organic apple production. Moreover, 5-15% of the infected fruits were mechanically injured in the two years. Our results indicated that most of the damaged fruits fell on the orchard floor before harvest and they became an important secondary inoculum source of M. fructigena. Biological and practical implications of the results are discussed.

scholarly journals Analyses of temporal dynamics of brown rot development on fruit in organic apple production

2003 ◽  
Vol 9 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Holb
Keyword(s):  
Power Function ◽  
Yield Loss ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Apple Production ◽  
Fruit Disease ◽  
Fruit Harvest

In a two-year study, yield loss and temporal dynamics of brown rot development caused by Monilinia fructigena (Aderh. & Ruhl.) Honey were quantified and analysed in two organic apple orchards (Debrecen—Pallag and Debrecen—Józsa). The first infected fruits were observed at the beginning of August in both years and both locations, except for one occasion when the first infected fruit was found at the end of July. Temporal disease development was continuous up to harvest time in both years and locations. In the two years, pre-harvest yield loss on the trees amounted between 8.9% and 9.3% at Debrecen-Pallag and between 9.7% and 10.8% at Debrecen—Jozsa by fruit harvest. Incidence of infected fruits on the orchard floor ranged from 32.4% to 43.2% and from 53.3% to 61.9%, at Debrecen—Pallag and Debrecen—Józsa, respectively, by fruit harvest. Analyses of temporal disease progress showed that the best-fitted mathematical function was the power function in both orchards and years. Both parameters of the power function clearly demonstrated that incidence of brown rot on fruit increased faster on the orchard floor than on the tree. Moreover, the disease increase was faster at Debrecen—Józsa in most cases than at Debrecen—Pallag. Our results indicated that the strategy of disease management, the ripeness of the fruit and the presence of a wounding agent played an important role in the yield loss and in the temporal development of fruit disease incidence caused by M. fructigena in organic apple orchards. Biological and practical implications of the results are discussed.

Exclusion netting may alter reproduction of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella) and prevent associated fruit damage to apple orchards

2012 ◽  
Vol 145 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Sauphanor ◽  
Guilhem Severac ◽  
Sandrine Maugin ◽  
Jean François Toubon ◽  
Yvan Capowiez
Keyword(s):  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Fruit Damage

scholarly journals Studierea influenţei componenţilor minori asupra eficienţei feromonilor sexuali ai viermelui mărului

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Sleahtici ◽  
◽  
Natalia Raileanu ◽  
Vasilisa Odobescu ◽  
Svetlana Jalba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixture ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Rubber Septa ◽  
Number Of Males

In this paper is reported the evaluation of biological efficacy of two minor components that was added to the basic sex pheromone component Cydia pomonella L., E8, E10-C12-OH. The use of minor component- C.M.-1 of increasing concentrations in binary mixture compositions with the basic sex phe-romone component of codling moth on pheromone-impregnated rubber septa in delta pheromone traps has shown an increased effectiveness by 56-62% in field trials on apple orchard. At the same time, the number of males caught in delta pheromone traps where were used minor component - C.M.-2 in binary mixture compositions increased by 29-35%. Auxiliary research is still needed.

Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblages in Apple Orchards Receiving Pheromone-based or Conventional Tortricid Management Programs

2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 501-516
Author(s):  
Erik K. Gronning ◽  
Douglas G. Pfeiffer
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mating Disruption ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Rhagoletis Pomonella ◽  
Apple Orchards ◽  
Pitfall Trapping ◽  
Poecilus Lucublandus

Pitfall trapping was used to assess the effect of a low-spray mating disruption program targeted against the codling moth and leafrollers on carabid communities (potential predators of codling moth, Cydia pomonella [L.], leafrollers [Lepidoptera: Tortricidae] and apple maggot, Rhagoletis pomonella [Walsh]) in the orchard ground cover. Abundance and species richness of carabids were generally higher in mating disruption blocks relative to conventionally-managed blocks. Over 2 yrs, 3,173 carabids representing 62 species in 27 genera were collected. The most common carabids (more than 5% of the total carabid population) were Harpalus pensylvanicus (DeGeer) (38.2%), Harpalus erythropus Dejean (11.4%), Poecilus lucublandus (Say) (10.1%), Dicaelus elongatus Bonelli (6.2%) and Harpalus longicollis LeConte (5.9%).

Roles of α-Farnesene in the Behaviors of Codling Moth Females

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengming Yan ◽  
Marie Bengtsson ◽  
György Makranczy ◽  
Jan Löfqvist
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Apple Orchard ◽  
Wing Fanning ◽  
And Control

Reproduction and olfactory behavioral responses of codling moth, Cydia pomonella (L.), females to synthetic α-farnesene were observed in the laboratory as well as their reproduction behaviors in an apple orchard. Calling levels were lifted and ovipositional peaks were advanced in codling moth females at presence of 1μg and 0.1 μg of α-farnesene, respectively. Mated females of codling moth more actively responded to 0.01 μg α-farnesene with walking and wing-fanning while walking than to other doses (0.001, 0.1, 1, 10 μg ) and control. The results show that α-farnesene plays important roles in the behaviors of codling moth females. However, the differences between responses to α-farnesene and those to apple volatiles by codling moth females indicate that components other than α-farnesene in apple volatiles also have biological activities

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