scholarly journals Spatial distributions of natural radionuclide concentrations of bottled mineral water: doses estimation and health risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Amineh Salehipour ◽  
Akbar Eslami ◽  
Mohammad Mirzaee ◽  
Fatemeh Bolori ◽  
Mohammad Hosien Saghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Activity Concentrations

Background: Evaluation of the various types of water reveal that groundwater comprises 99% of the earth’s available fresh water. Many factors affect the type and degree of mineralization, as well as the natural radionuclides content in these types of water. The consumption of bottled natural mineral water, which comes from groundwater, among Iranians is gradually increasing. Therefore, the detection of high concentrations of radionuclides, associated with consumption of groundwater, is proposed as a public health problem in several areas. Methods: In this study, the activity concentration of natural radionuclides such as 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, and 40K, annual effective dose for three age groups (<1 year, 7-12 years, and >17 years), and excess lifetime cancer risk due to the ingestion of natural radionuclides present in 70 different commercial bottled mineral waters from most provinces of Iran, were evaluated. Activity concentrations were measured using gamma spectrometry and a high purity germanium detector (HPGe). Results: The results showed that the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were higher than those reported in the same studies in other countries. Also, the annul effective dose for the three age groups was much higher than the recommended value (0.1 mSvyr-1), as reported by the WHO. The excess lifetime cancer risk for three radionuclides, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K, were less than the acceptable value of 10-3 for radiological risk, while the risk for 210Pb was higher than the recommended value. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the frequent use of bottled waters produced in different provinces of Iran possess health hazards to consumers.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Background Ionizing Radiation Level of Selected Oil Spill Communities of Delta State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
M. U. Audu ◽  
G. O. Avwiri ◽  
C. P. Ononugbo
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Nuclear Radiation ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk

Study of the terrestrial Background Ionizing Radiation levels of selected Oil Spill Communities of Delta State, Nigeria have been carried out using Digilert 200 and Radalert 100 nuclear radiation monitor and a geographical positioning system (Garmin GPSMAP 76S). The exposure rates of the five communities ranges from 0.016 to 0.030  at Jones Creek, 0.014 to 0.034  at Opuwade Community, 0.015 to 0.037   at Okpare community, 0.007 to 0.029  at OtuJeremi community and 0.011to 0.040  at Otor-Edo community. The obtained mean exposures rates were higher than ICRP standard limit of 0.013. The absorbed dose rates calculated ranged from 139.2 to 261 (Jones Creek), 121.8 to 259.8 nGyh-1 (Opuwade Community), 130.5 to 321.9 nGyh-1 (Okpare community), 60.9 to 252.3 nGyh-1 (OtuJeremi community) and 95.9 to 348 nGyh-1 (Otor-Edo community). The estimated annual effective dose equivalent varies from  0.21 to 0.40 , 0.19 to  0.45 , 0.20 to  0.49 , 0.09 to 0.39  and  0.15 to 0.53  for Jones Creek, Opuwade Community, Okpare community, Otu Jeremi community and Otor-Edo community respectively while the excess lifetime cancer risk calculated for Jones Creek varies from (0.75  to 1.40)  x 10-3, Opuwade community (0.65 to 1.59 )×, Okpare community (0.70 to 1.73 ) x , OtuJeremi community (0.33 to 1.35)× and Otor-Edo community (0.51 to 1.87)×. All the mean values of absorbed dose, annual effective dose and excess lifetime cancer risk exceeded their recommended safe values. The results obtained in this work may not constitute any immediate health risk to the residents of the selected oil spill communities but long term exposure in the area may lead to detrimental health risks.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Primordial Radionuclides in Ocimum gratissimum and health Risk to the Consumers at Ewekoro Southwest of Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-372
Author(s):  
O. Sowole ◽  
O.E. Olaniyi ◽  
F.R. Amodu
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Primordial Radionuclides ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Radiological Health ◽  
Committed Effective Dose

Primordial radionuclides are transported in to the plants through the leaves and roots. Medicinal plants are widely used in Africa for prevention and treatment of diseases. Ocimum Gratissimum is medicinal plant that is so used in southwest of Nigeria due to its multifunctional traditional medicinal health uses and as spice in cooking. The research is to determine the radiological health risk of these primordial radionuclides to the  consumers of Ocimum Gratissimum in the study area. Fresh leaves of the medicinal plant were plucked from ten (10) different locations at Ewekoro where mining of limestone had been taking place in Ogun State, southwest of Nigeria, been the part of the plant that was commonly used. The concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th in the fresh leaves were determined using gamma spectrometry method, and average annual committed effective dose to the adult consumers was determined. No artificial radionuclide was detected. The highest annual committed effective doses of 40K, 238U and 232Th to the consumers of Ocimum Gratissimum were obtained to be 0.00133mSvy-1, 0.00147mSvy-1 and 0.00336mSvy-1 respectively. The highest excess lifetime cancer risk of 40K, 238U and 232Th to the consumers were calculated to be 0.0211 x 10-3, 0.0136 x 10-3 and 0.1434 x 10-3 respectively. The average annual committed effective dose and average excess lifetime cancer risk of the radionuclides to the consumers were calculated to be 0.0109mSvy-1 and 0.0379 x 10-3 respectively. The values were below the limits of 0.3mSvy-1 and 0.29 x 10-3 respectively,  recommended globally. The consumers of the medicinal plant do not have significant radiological health risk. Furthermore, the results obtained can serve as reference data for future studies in the study area and its environs. Keywords: Primordial Radionuclide, Medicinal plant, Dose, Cancer

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Some Soil Samples from Kutha District in Babylon Governorate, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Annual Dose ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Abstract: The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides of the elements (40K, 238U and 232Th), collected from Kutha district of Babylon governorate are studied and evaluated. Twenty soil samples with (0-15) cm in depth are collected. Gamma spectrometer NaI (TI) source is used for calibration. The radioactivities of natural isotopes K-40, U-238 and Th-232, were assessed. These studies show that radio activities of isotopes are acceptable according to the standard levels. Also, the activity of radium equivalent, the rate of annual effective dose, average air volume and external risk index are evaluated. The results are found within the internationally tolerable values. The results show that the mean of the radioactivity of 238U is (19.1565)Bq / kg, while it is (54.501) Bq/kg for 232Th and (179.578) Bq/kg for 40K. The study results showed that the average of radiological effects, like the Radium equivalent (Raeq), the rate of absorbed dose (Dr), the index of external hazard (Hex), the index of internal hazard (Hin), the index of representative gamma hazard (Iγ), the Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) and the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) are as follow: 110.920 Bq/kg, 50.1838 nGy/h, 0.29953, 59.1530, 27.996, 0.34 mSv/y and 1.268x10-3, respectively. Keywords: Natural radioactivity, Absorption, External hazard, Effective annual dose, Excess lifetime cancer risk.

scholarly journals Assessment of natural radioactivity and consequent radiological hazard in different brands of commercialized bottled mineral water produced in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Lang Yu ◽  
Guangwen Feng ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Chao Tang ◽  
Baoshan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Gross Β ◽  
Gross Α ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

Abstract As one of the drinking water quality parameters, natural radioactivity parameters are recommended to prevent a potential health threat to the public. In this study, the gross-α and gross-β activity concentrations in 15 different brands of commercial bottled mineral water consumed in China were analyzed to evaluate the quality and corresponding health impact on the population. The activity concentrations of gross-α and gross-β in different samples varied from 4.4 to 130.6 and 17.3–320.3 mBq L–1, respectively. The values of the annual effective dose equivalent rate (AED) for infants, children and adults ranged from 1.3 to 21.6, 2.9–52.5 and 5.5–97.8 μSv y–1, respectively. The average excess lifetime cancer risk caused by the consumption of bottled mineral water samples was estimated as 6.0 × 10–5. These results show that all the measured gross-α and gross-β are found to be obviously less than the guidance level by WHO and the domestic standard. The values of AED are below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit of 0.1 mSv y–1. Combined with the lifetime cancer risk assessment, it is concluded that there is no significant risk for consumption of the observed brands of bottled mineral water and it can be consumed safely.

scholarly journals Determination of Heavy Metal and Radioactivity in Agaricus campestris Mushroom Collected from Kahramanmaraş and Erzurum Proviences

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aysenur Yilmaz ◽  
Sibel Yıldız ◽  
Ahmet Çelik ◽  
Uğur Çevik
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Agaricus Campestris ◽  
Committed Effective Dose

In this study, radioactivity and heavy metals accumulations in Agaricus campestris mushroom collected from Kahramanmaraş and Erzurum provinces was determined. HPGe gamma detector was used for the determination of radioactivity concentrations. Heavy metal content was measured using a ICP-MS. As radioactive element; natural (238U, 232Th 40K) and artificial radionuclide (137Cs) concentrations were determined. The values of the committed effective dose were calculated. Same measurements were made in soils. Absorbed dose and excess lifetime cancer risk were calculated. Amount of Mg, Al, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Pb206, Pb207 and Pb208 as heavy metals of mushrooms were determined. 238U, 232Th, 40K activity concentrations of mushroom collected from Erzurum was determined as 12.1 ± 0.8, 11.7 ± 0.9, 497.7 ± 17.8 Bq/kg, respectively and 137Cs was not detected by system. 232Th and 40K activity concentrations of mushroom collected from Kahramanmaraş was determined as 13.4 ± 0.5, 134.9 ± 6.3 Bq/kg, respectively, 238U and 137Cs was not detected by system similarly. The value of the committed effective dose collected from Erzurum and Kahramanmaraş were calculated as 75 and 29 μSv respectively and these values were found lower than 290 μSv accepted as world average. Absorbed dose and risk of lifetime cancer for Erzurum was determined as 37.39 nGy/h, 16.5 x 10-5; absorbed dose and excess lifetime cancer risk for Kahramanmaraş was determined as 30.92 nGy/h, 13.3 x 10-5 respectively. Amount of daily intake for each heavy metal was calculated. Radionuclide activity concentrations and accumulations of heavy metal were not founded threaten level to healthy, except from arsenic As (0.025 and 0.039 mg/kg) in mushroom collected from both provinces. They were found a bit higher than upper limit (0.015 mg/kg) in report which is prepared World Health Organization (WHO) and Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) jointly.

scholarly journals Assessment of Age-Dependent Effective Dose and Toxicity Risks of 226Ra and 228Ra In River Water Samples In Ondo State. Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oladele Ajayi ◽  
Olusegun Omogunloye
Keyword(s):  
Effective Dose ◽  
River Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Southwestern Nigeria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
River Water Samples ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Morbidity Risks

Abstract Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in some river waters in southwestern Nigeria were measured using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 2.31, 0.17 to 2.85, and 7.86 to 65.51 Bq l-1 for 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K respectively. The calculated mean of the total annual effective dose were 9.86, 2.46, 1.71, 2.43, 5.74 and 0.99 mSv y-1 for age groups ≤1y, 1-2y, 2-7y, 7-12y, 12-17y, and >17y respectively. Estimated cancer mortality and morbidity risks ranged from 0.04x10-3 to 0.77x10-3 with a mean of 0.42x10-3 and 0.04x10-3 to 0.80x10-3 with a mean of 0.44x10-3 respectively for 226R while they ranged from 0.11x10-3 to 1.89x10-3 with a mean of 0.96x10-3 and 0.16x10-3 to 2.66x10-3 with a mean of 1.38x10-3 respectively for 228Ra. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of 226Ra and 228Ra ranged from 9.39x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 to 181.01x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 with a mean of 100.06x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 and 4.82x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 to 80.70x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 with a mean of 40.90x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 respectively.. Radiological hazard indicator of radium is of concern in these drinking river water samples.

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