Assessment of Age-Dependent Effective Dose and Toxicity Risks of 226Ra and 228Ra In River Water Samples In Ondo State. Nigeria

Mapping Intimacies ◽

10.21203/rs.3.rs-150702/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Oladele Ajayi ◽

Olusegun Omogunloye

Keyword(s):

Effective Dose ◽

River Water ◽

Water Samples ◽

Natural Radionuclides ◽

Age Groups ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

River Water Samples ◽

Activity Concentrations ◽

Morbidity Risks

Abstract Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in some river waters in southwestern Nigeria were measured using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The activity concentrations ranged from 0.12 to 2.31, 0.17 to 2.85, and 7.86 to 65.51 Bq l-1 for 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K respectively. The calculated mean of the total annual effective dose were 9.86, 2.46, 1.71, 2.43, 5.74 and 0.99 mSv y-1 for age groups ≤1y, 1-2y, 2-7y, 7-12y, 12-17y, and >17y respectively. Estimated cancer mortality and morbidity risks ranged from 0.04x10-3 to 0.77x10-3 with a mean of 0.42x10-3 and 0.04x10-3 to 0.80x10-3 with a mean of 0.44x10-3 respectively for 226R while they ranged from 0.11x10-3 to 1.89x10-3 with a mean of 0.96x10-3 and 0.16x10-3 to 2.66x10-3 with a mean of 1.38x10-3 respectively for 228Ra. The lifetime average daily dose (LADD) of 226Ra and 228Ra ranged from 9.39x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 to 181.01x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 with a mean of 100.06x10-14 µg kg-1 d-1 and 4.82x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 to 80.70x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 with a mean of 40.90x10-16 µg kg-1 d-1 respectively.. Radiological hazard indicator of radium is of concern in these drinking river water samples.

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ACTIVITY CONCENTRATIONS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING RADIONUCLIDES IN SOME COMMERCIAL BOTTLED WATERS FROM PARTS OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA

Journal of Natural Sciences Engineering and Technology ◽

10.51406/jnset.v15i1.1768 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 82-93

Author(s):

O O ALATISE ◽

Y S AKINSANYA

Keyword(s):

Water Samples ◽

Age Groups ◽

Germanium Detector ◽

Bottled Water ◽

World Health ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

Southwestern Nigeria ◽

Activity Concentrations ◽

Effective Doses ◽

Recommended Level

In this work, the presence of natural radioactivity in bottled waters from parts of south-west Nigeria was investigated. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in the water samples were ob-tained using a high-purity germanium detector. The ranges of activity concentrations obtained for 232Th, 226Ra and 40K were 0.15 to 1.25Bq l-1, 0.02 to 2.94Bq l-1 and 6.96 to 46.47 Bq l-1, respectively. 40K has the highest activity concentration in the bottled water samples while 232Th has the least value. The activity concentrations obtained together with ingested dose conversion factors, were used to calculate the annual effective doses for six age groups ranging from < 1 to >17 years. The calculated total annual effective doses (mSvy-1) ranged from 0.01 to 4.16 and the values are age dependent (highest for < 1year and lowest for 7-12years age groups). The results showed that the average annu-al effective dose for 35% of the bottled water brands were below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended level of 0.1 mSvy-1 for drinking water. Furthermore, out of the remaining 65% that were higher than the WHO recommended level, 9% were higher than 1 mSvy-1, which is the radia-tion exposure limit for the general public according to the recommendation of the International Com-mission on Radiological Protection. Consequently, consumption of some of the bottled water brands investigated in this study could constitute radiological hazard especially for the < 1 and 12-17years age groups.

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Spatial distributions of natural radionuclide concentrations of bottled mineral water: doses estimation and health risk assessment

Environmental Health Engineering and Management ◽

10.34172/ehem.2020.13 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 107-117

Author(s):

Amineh Salehipour ◽

Akbar Eslami ◽

Mohammad Mirzaee ◽

Fatemeh Bolori ◽

Mohammad Hosien Saghi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cancer Risk ◽

Effective Dose ◽

Mineral Water ◽

Natural Radionuclides ◽

Age Groups ◽

Natural Radionuclide ◽

Mineral Waters ◽

Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽

Activity Concentrations

Background: Evaluation of the various types of water reveal that groundwater comprises 99% of the earth’s available fresh water. Many factors affect the type and degree of mineralization, as well as the natural radionuclides content in these types of water. The consumption of bottled natural mineral water, which comes from groundwater, among Iranians is gradually increasing. Therefore, the detection of high concentrations of radionuclides, associated with consumption of groundwater, is proposed as a public health problem in several areas. Methods: In this study, the activity concentration of natural radionuclides such as 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, and 40K, annual effective dose for three age groups (<1 year, 7-12 years, and >17 years), and excess lifetime cancer risk due to the ingestion of natural radionuclides present in 70 different commercial bottled mineral waters from most provinces of Iran, were evaluated. Activity concentrations were measured using gamma spectrometry and a high purity germanium detector (HPGe). Results: The results showed that the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were higher than those reported in the same studies in other countries. Also, the annul effective dose for the three age groups was much higher than the recommended value (0.1 mSvyr-1), as reported by the WHO. The excess lifetime cancer risk for three radionuclides, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K, were less than the acceptable value of 10-3 for radiological risk, while the risk for 210Pb was higher than the recommended value. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the frequent use of bottled waters produced in different provinces of Iran possess health hazards to consumers.

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