scholarly journals Assessment of natural radioactivity and consequent radiological hazard in different brands of commercialized bottled mineral water produced in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-573
Author(s):  
Lang Yu ◽  
Guangwen Feng ◽  
Qian Liu ◽  
Chao Tang ◽  
Baoshan Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Gross Β ◽  
Gross Α ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

Abstract As one of the drinking water quality parameters, natural radioactivity parameters are recommended to prevent a potential health threat to the public. In this study, the gross-α and gross-β activity concentrations in 15 different brands of commercial bottled mineral water consumed in China were analyzed to evaluate the quality and corresponding health impact on the population. The activity concentrations of gross-α and gross-β in different samples varied from 4.4 to 130.6 and 17.3–320.3 mBq L–1, respectively. The values of the annual effective dose equivalent rate (AED) for infants, children and adults ranged from 1.3 to 21.6, 2.9–52.5 and 5.5–97.8 μSv y–1, respectively. The average excess lifetime cancer risk caused by the consumption of bottled mineral water samples was estimated as 6.0 × 10–5. These results show that all the measured gross-α and gross-β are found to be obviously less than the guidance level by WHO and the domestic standard. The values of AED are below the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended limit of 0.1 mSv y–1. Combined with the lifetime cancer risk assessment, it is concluded that there is no significant risk for consumption of the observed brands of bottled mineral water and it can be consumed safely.

scholarly journals Spatial distributions of natural radionuclide concentrations of bottled mineral water: doses estimation and health risk assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Amineh Salehipour ◽  
Akbar Eslami ◽  
Mohammad Mirzaee ◽  
Fatemeh Bolori ◽  
Mohammad Hosien Saghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Mineral Waters ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Activity Concentrations

Background: Evaluation of the various types of water reveal that groundwater comprises 99% of the earth’s available fresh water. Many factors affect the type and degree of mineralization, as well as the natural radionuclides content in these types of water. The consumption of bottled natural mineral water, which comes from groundwater, among Iranians is gradually increasing. Therefore, the detection of high concentrations of radionuclides, associated with consumption of groundwater, is proposed as a public health problem in several areas. Methods: In this study, the activity concentration of natural radionuclides such as 226Ra, 228Ra, 210Pb, and 40K, annual effective dose for three age groups (<1 year, 7-12 years, and >17 years), and excess lifetime cancer risk due to the ingestion of natural radionuclides present in 70 different commercial bottled mineral waters from most provinces of Iran, were evaluated. Activity concentrations were measured using gamma spectrometry and a high purity germanium detector (HPGe). Results: The results showed that the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides were higher than those reported in the same studies in other countries. Also, the annul effective dose for the three age groups was much higher than the recommended value (0.1 mSvyr-1), as reported by the WHO. The excess lifetime cancer risk for three radionuclides, 226Ra, 228Ra, and 40K, were less than the acceptable value of 10-3 for radiological risk, while the risk for 210Pb was higher than the recommended value. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the frequent use of bottled waters produced in different provinces of Iran possess health hazards to consumers.

scholarly journals Yeasts and filamentous fungi in bottled mineral water and tap water from municipal supplies

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian Ueda Yamaguchi ◽  
Rita de Cássia Pontello Rampazzo ◽  
Sueli Fumie Yamada-Ogatta ◽  
Celso Vataru Nakamura ◽  
Tânia Ueda-Nakamura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Filamentous Fungi ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Mineral Water ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Potential Health Hazard ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

The main objective of this study was to analyse the occurrence of yeasts and filamentous fungi in drinking water as well as to investigate their correlation with the indicator bacteria of faecal pollution. Yeasts were detected in 36.6% and 11.6% of the bottled mineral on water dispensers and tap water samples from municipal system, respectively. Twenty-one (35.0%) of bottled mineral water and two (3.3%) of tap water samples were positive for filamentous fungi. For bottled mineral water 12 (20.0%) of 60 samples were positive for total coliform, compared with 3(5.0%)out of 60 samples from tap water. The mineral water from dispensers was more contaminated than tap water. Strains belonging to the genera Candida identified to the species level were C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata and C. albicans. Thus, bottled mineral water from water dispensers and tap water could be considered a possible transmission route for filamentous fungi and yeasts, and could constitute a potential health hazard, mainly to immunocompromised indivuals.

TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF MINERAL WATER SAMPLES BY PIXE AND ICP-MS

1998 ◽  
Vol 08 (01) ◽  
pp. 11-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. John Kennedy ◽  
A. Augusthy ◽  
K. M. Varier ◽  
P. Magudapathy ◽  
S. Panchapakesan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Water ◽  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
European Guidelines ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Preconcentration Techniques ◽  
Pelletron Accelerator ◽  
Bottled Mineral Water

Trace elements present in bottled mineral water have been studied by PIXE and ICP-MS. Samples from ten different brands of bottled mineral water were prepared by preconcentration techniques. Measurements were carried out using the 2 MeV proton beam obtained from 3 MV Tandem pelletron accelerator at the Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar. Our results are compared with Indian standard packaged natural mineral water specifications, World Health Organisation (WHO) and European guidelines for drinking water standards. Concentration of aluminium was found to be more in one of the brands. In general, our results are comparable to the above standards.

ASSESSMENT OF NATURAL RADIOACTIVITY IN MAIZE AND ESTIMATION OF CONCOMITANT DOSE TO NIGERIAN VIA INGESTION PATHWAY

2019 ◽  
Vol 184 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 359-362
Author(s):  
Mudassir H Yarima ◽  
M U Khandaker ◽  
A Nadhiya ◽  
M A Olatunji
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Environmental Media ◽  
Naturally Occurring

Abstract Uranium, thorium and potassium are the most abundant naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORMs) found in soils and other environmental media including foodstuffs. Since the human exposures to NORMs is an unavoidable phenomenon, in such a way that they can easily find their way to human being via food chain, detailed knowledge on their presence in foodstuffs is necessary to assess the radiation dose to the population. Thus, the present study concerns the assessment of natural radioactivity in maize, a staple foodstuff for Nigerian, via HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry. Activity concentrations (Bq/kg) in the maize samples were found to be in the range of 6.1 ± 0.6–8.2 ± 1.3, 2.2 ± 0.4–5.1 ± 0.7 and 288 ± 16–401 ± 24 for 226Ra, 232Th and 40K, respectively. Measured data for 226Ra and 232Th show below the world average values of 67 Bq/kg and 82 Bq/kg, respectively, while the activity of 40K exceeds the global average of 310 Bq/kg. The annual effective dose via the maize consumption was found to be far below the UNSCEAR recommended ingestion dose limit of 290 μSv/y, and the estimated lifetime cancer risk show lower than the ICRP (1991) cancer risk factor of 2.5 × 10−3 based on the additional annual dose limit of 1 mSv for general public, thus pose no adverse health risk to the Nigerian populace.

Impact of Fuel Switching to the Level of Air Toxic and its Potential Health Impact in Bangkok, Thailand

2014 ◽  
Vol 931-932 ◽  
pp. 671-675
Author(s):  
Wisit Thongkum ◽  
Sarawut Thepanondh
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
The Road ◽  
Fuel Switching ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Toxic Concentration ◽  
Monitoring Stations

The annual arithmetic mean concentrations of benzene and 1, 3-butadiene were gradually decreasing tendency from the year 2008 2011 at every monitoring stations in Bangkok. Dramatically decreasing of these air toxics, measured in the road curbside areas were found in the year 2012 when the Thais government implemented the improvement of fuel quality from Euro 2 to Euro 4 standards. Calculated cancer risk of benzene and 1, 3-butadiene dramatically decreased at every monitoring stations. The results indicated that the population was estimated to receive an excess lifetime cancer risk greater than 1 x 10-5, which is proposed as the permissible maximum value for individual excess lifetime cancer risk by the Japan Environmental Agency (JEA). However, cancer risk from air toxic was found significantly decreased in the year 2012. These finding elucidated the effectiveness of changing of fuel quality to the reduction of airborne air toxic concentration in Bangkok environment.

scholarly journals Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards for Soil Samples Used in Erbil Governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zakariya A. Hussein
Keyword(s):  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Gamma Spectroscopy ◽  
Health Hazard ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Iraqi Kurdistan ◽  
Activity Concentrations ◽  
Radium Equivalent

In this work, the activity concentrations of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in soil samples from Erbil governorate, Iraqi Kurdistan were investigated by a gamma-spectroscopy system based on high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. This is to assess the dose of radionuclides exposure to the population, knowing the health risks and to have a baseline for future changes in the environmental radioactivity. It was found that the activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K were ranged from (14.6 ± 1.6 to 38.2 ± 2.8 Bq.kg-1),  (4.5 ± 1.4 to 52.4 ± 5.8 Bq.kg-1) and ( 302.8 ± 12.6 to 388.6 ± 12.8 Bq.kg-1), respectively. The measured activity concentrations for these radionuclides were compared with the reported data of other countries and with the worldwide average activity of soil. Radium equivalent activities, absorbed dose rate, excess lifetime cancer risk and the values of hazard indices were calculated for the measured samples to assess the radiation hazard of the natural radioactivity in all samples to the people. It was concluded that the radium equivalent activities of the studied samples are below the internationally accepted values. These results show that annual effective dose absorbed via occupant from activity construction of soil samples used in the under place is below 1.0 mSv.y-1. It is concluded that the assessment radioactivity of soil are within acceptable levels and does not pose any health hazard to the population.

Assessment of Natural Radioactivity in Some Soil Samples from Kutha District in Babylon Governorate, Iraq

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 267-274
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Dose ◽  
Natural Radioactivity ◽  
Annual Effective Dose ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk ◽  
Effective Annual Dose ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Radium Equivalent

Abstract: The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides of the elements (40K, 238U and 232Th), collected from Kutha district of Babylon governorate are studied and evaluated. Twenty soil samples with (0-15) cm in depth are collected. Gamma spectrometer NaI (TI) source is used for calibration. The radioactivities of natural isotopes K-40, U-238 and Th-232, were assessed. These studies show that radio activities of isotopes are acceptable according to the standard levels. Also, the activity of radium equivalent, the rate of annual effective dose, average air volume and external risk index are evaluated. The results are found within the internationally tolerable values. The results show that the mean of the radioactivity of 238U is (19.1565)Bq / kg, while it is (54.501) Bq/kg for 232Th and (179.578) Bq/kg for 40K. The study results showed that the average of radiological effects, like the Radium equivalent (Raeq), the rate of absorbed dose (Dr), the index of external hazard (Hex), the index of internal hazard (Hin), the index of representative gamma hazard (Iγ), the Annual Effective Dose Equivalent (AEDE) and the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ELCR) are as follow: 110.920 Bq/kg, 50.1838 nGy/h, 0.29953, 59.1530, 27.996, 0.34 mSv/y and 1.268x10-3, respectively. Keywords: Natural radioactivity, Absorption, External hazard, Effective annual dose, Excess lifetime cancer risk.

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