CREATION OF A COMPOSITE COMPOSITION FOR IMPREGNATING RAILWAY SLEEPERS

This paper shows the stages of developing an eco-friendly composite composition (PKS) for impregnating railway sleepers made of birch wood, which has high water and moisture resistance. Used oils were selected for the study: mineral engine oil, transmission oil, sunflower oil, corn oil. The used oils were compared with the oil liquid ZHTK-2, which is widely used for impregnating railway sleepers, according to the following indicators: the content of the impregnating composition; water absorption and swelling of the impregnated wood after 30 days of standing in water in the radial and tangential directions. According to the sum of the obtained indicators, the spent mineral engine oil (OMM) was chosen as the basis of the PKS, flour of various types of wood (coniferous or deciduous), flour of oak, birch or pine bark was proposed as a filler. The greatest effect was obtained when introducing coniferous wood flour (MDH) in the amount of 1% of the mass of the OMM into the OMM. At the same time, the content of the impregnating composition in the wood increases from 43 to 70%, water absorption decreases (by 63.8%) and the swelling of the wood in the tangential and radial directions. When comparing the target values for the oil composition (OMM+MDX) and the oil liquid ZHTK-2, it was found that the content of the impregnating composition is 10.6% higher than for ZHTK-2, water absorption is reduced by 6.8%.

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COMPARISON OF EFFICIENCY OF NATURAL AND SYNTHETIC IMPREGNATING COMPOSITIONS FOR BIRCH WOOD

Actual directions of scientific researches of the XXI century theory and practice ◽

10.34220/2308-8877-2020-8-1-193-198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 193-198

Author(s):

Larisa Belchinskaya ◽

A. Dmitrenkov ◽

Konstantin Zhuzhukin

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Vegetable Oils ◽

Wood Species ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Engine Oil ◽

Birch Wood ◽

Hydrophobic Properties ◽

Natural Wood ◽

Oil Sunflower

The article is devoted to the study of technologies for the use of used motor and vegetable oils for hydrophobizing treatment of birch wood. In this work, synthetic and semi-synthetic engine oil is used to impregnate wood; spent corn oil, sunflower oil, organosilicon liquid GKZh-11, industrial impregnating composition of ZhTK. The effectiveness of the impregnating compositions is estimated by the indicators of water absorption and swelling in two mutually perpendicular directions (radial, tangential). Spent motor and vegetable oils saturate wood quite well and give it hydrophobic properties. At the same time, impregnation of birch wood with used engine oil (OMM) allows to improve water absorption of birch wood by 52.1% compared to natural wood and by 21% compared to water absorption. Thus, the processing of birch wood with used motor and vegetable oils makes it possible to utilize production waste and improve the properties of low-value wood species with a significant increase in its resistance to external influences.

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Water absorption of wood-polymer composites of savewood

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199702043 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 ◽

pp. 02043

Author(s):

Tatyana Matseevich ◽

Andrey Matseevich ◽

Andrey Askadskii

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Polymer Composites ◽

Wood Flour ◽

High Water ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Mineral Filler ◽

Wood Polymer ◽

Wood Polymer Composites ◽

Mineral Fillers ◽

Specific Impact

The materials based on wood-polymer composites (WPC) in the form of decking boards are produced, in which wood filler is partially replaced by mineral one. WPC materials manufactured by Savewood using a matrix polymer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) have good mechanical properties, low abrasion and satisfactory resistance to climatic influences. However, they have relatively high water absorption, the task of reducing which is relevant not only in Russia, but also in other countries where there are constructions of facilities operating in outdoor environmental conditions. The modification of such materials in this work was carried out by replacing part of the wood filler with the mineral filler, which is CaCO3 (chalk). Partial replacement of wood flour with mineral filler resulted in a marked reduction in swelling from 1.25 to 0.01%. In this case, the modulus of elasticity is increased from 2260 to 2880 MPa, tensile strength from 30.5 to values of 16.7 ÷ 32 MPa. The specific impact strength varies from 8.90 to 7.74 kJ/m2. The optimal ratio of wood and mineral fillers is 60/40%.

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Kaolin-Enhanced Superabsorbent Composites: Synthesis, Characterization and Swelling Behaviors

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13081204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 1204

Author(s):

Mengna Chen ◽

Xuelong Chen ◽

Caiyan Zhang ◽

Baozheng Cui ◽

Zewen Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Low Cost ◽

High Water ◽

Kinetic Mechanism ◽

Swelling Kinetics ◽

Synthesis Conditions ◽

Ph Tolerance ◽

Monovalent Salt ◽

Infrared Spectrometer ◽

Pseudo Second Order

One type of low-cost and eco-friendly organic‒inorganic superabsorbent composite (SAPC) was synthesized by free radical polymerization of acrylic acid (AA), starch (ST), sodium alginate (SA) and kaolin (KL) in aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of the SAPC were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The influence of different reaction conditions on water absorption of SAPC, i.e., SA and KL contents, AA neutralization degree (ND), potassium persulfate (KPS) and N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) loading were systematically studied. Under the optimal synthesis conditions, very high water absorption of 1200 g/g was achieved. The swelling kinetic mechanism of SAPC was studied by pseudo-second order swelling kinetics model and Ritger‒Peppas model. The performances of SAPC under different environments were tested and results revealed that this new SAPC had excellent swelling capacity, high water retention, good salt tolerance in monovalent salt solution (NaCl solution) and good pH tolerance between 4 and 10.

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Novel effects of diets enriched with corn oil or with an olive oil/sunflower oil mixture on vitamin K metabolism and vitamin K-dependent proteins in young men

The Journal of Lipid Research ◽

10.1016/s0022-2275(20)30461-2 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 43 (6) ◽

pp. 878-884

Author(s):

Leon J. Schurgers ◽

Martin J. Shearer ◽

Berry A.M. Soute ◽

Ibrahim Elmadfa ◽

Julia Harvey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olive Oil ◽

Vitamin K ◽

Sunflower Oil ◽

Corn Oil ◽

Young Men ◽

Oil Sunflower

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Cellulose Nanofibrils/Xyloglucan Bio-Based Aerogels with Shape Recovery

Gels ◽

10.3390/gels7010005 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Samuel Mandin ◽

Samuel Moreau ◽

Malika Talantikite ◽

Bruno Novalès ◽

Jean-Eudes Maigret ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Shape Recovery ◽

Cellulose Nanofibrils ◽

High Water ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

High Affinity ◽

High Water Absorption ◽

Freezing Procedure ◽

The Impact

Bio-based aerogels containing cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) are promising materials due to the inherent physical properties of CNF. The high affinity of cellulose to plant hemicelluloses (xyloglucan, xylan, pectin) is also an opportunity to develop biomaterials with new properties. Here, we prepared aerogels from gelled dispersions of CNFs and xyloglucan (XG) at different ratios by using a freeze-casting procedure in unidirectional (UD) and non-directional (ND) manners. As showed by rheology analysis, CNF and CNF/XG dispersions behave as true gels. We investigated the impact of the freezing procedure and the gel’s composition on the microstructure and the water absorption properties. The introduction of XG greatly affects the microstructure of the aerogel from lamellar to cellular morphology. Bio-based aerogels showed high water absorption capacity with shape recovery after compression. The relation between morphology and aerogel compositions is discussed.

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A Study of Engine Oil Composition Effects on Zeolite-type SCR Catalyst Durability

10.4271/2007-01-1924 ◽

2007 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Masahito Shibata ◽

Hideyuki Nagata ◽

Shigeki Takeshima ◽

Koji Hoshino

Keyword(s):

Engine Oil ◽

Oil Composition ◽

Scr Catalyst ◽

Composition Effects ◽

Zeolite Type ◽

Catalyst Durability

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Comparison of Bio and Eco-technologies with Chemical Methods for Pre-treatment of Flax Fibers: Impact on Fiber Properties

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892501400900407 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 155892501400900 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sabela Camano ◽

Nemeshwaree Behary ◽

Philippe Vroman ◽

Christine Campagne

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Fiber Bundle ◽

Glass Fibers ◽

Fiber Surface ◽

Pectate Lyase ◽

High Water ◽

Absorption Capacity ◽

Water Absorption Capacity ◽

Flax Fibers ◽

The Impact

Flax fibers, available as fiber bundles, are commonly used as fiber reinforcement in composite materials as a substitute for glass fibers. Pre-treatments are often necessary for improving fiber-resin adhesion, and also to facilitate fiber elementarization, and to improve fiber ability to be implemented in mechanical processes limiting fiber damages. This paper focuses on the impact of biotechnologies (effect of 2 different enzymes: a pectate lyase and a laccase) and of an ecotechnology (ultrasound with ethanol), compared to classical chemical pre-treatments (using aqueous NaOH and ammonia) on the final flax fiber bundle properties, before and after a carding process. Fiber surface properties (wettability and/or zeta potential values), fiber elementarization and mechanical properties vary with the type of treatment (chemical nature of product and conditions used). Fibers elementarised using pectate lyase and ultrasound/ethanol have a hydrophilic surface and a high water absorption capacity, and are also of highest quality in terms of increased fineness. Treatment with NaOH yields the poorest fiber bundle tenacity. Laccase enzyme yields long thick hydrophobic fibers having very low water absorption capacity, and the most neutral surface charge. Properties of flax fibers can be easily monitored using different pre-treatments resulting in fibers which would be suited for various final applications.

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