Subtypes of Bystanders in School Bullying: Empathy, Self-Efficacy, Anxiety, Conformity and Early Maladaptive Schemas

Introduction: Smoking abstinence self-efficacy is a factor that plays a key role in preventing addiction or its revival tendency after quitting. This study attempted to analyze the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and smoking abstinence self-efficacy among the sophomore high school students in the city of Gorgan, Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive study and its population (n= 9955) included all second grade high school students in the city of Gorgan in the school year 2015-2016. The multi- stage cluster sampling method was used to select 369 participants. The required data were collected using the maladaptive schema questioners and the smoking abstinence self-efficacy questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Multi- variable regression methods were also used to analyze data. Results: The results of the current study indicated a significant, yet reverse relationship of the early maladaptive schemas with smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Furthermore, 51 percent change in self-efficacy variance is derived from the components of early maladaptive schemas. Among components of the early maladaptive schemas, components of the abandonment / alienation, the strongest predictor was students smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Conclusion: Early self- efficacy schemas are among the individual and psychological causes with especial importance in studies on smoking dependency and its consumption. Such early schemas lead to biases in an individual’s interpretation of the events. These biases are represented as distorted attitudes, false speculations, unrealistic aims and perspectives, and high- risk behaviors such as smoking.

Download Full-text

The Mediating Role of Mindfulness in the Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Early Maladaptive Schemas among University Students

Current Psychology ◽

10.1007/s12144-019-00487-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zohreh Hosseinzadeh ◽

Masomeh Sayadi ◽

Nima Orazani

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Mediating Role ◽

The Relationship

Download Full-text

Negative symptoms: associations with defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and maladaptive schemas in youth and young adults at-risk for psychosis

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465821000461 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Daniel J. Devoe ◽

K.S. Cadenhead ◽

Barbara Cornblatt ◽

Eric Granholm ◽

Jean Addington

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Psychosocial Interventions ◽

Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Social Self ◽

Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Multiple Mediation ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Youth And Young Adults ◽

Beliefs And Attitudes

Abstract Background: Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of negative symptoms are needed. Defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and early maladaptive schemas have been shown to contribute to negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Likewise, negative symptoms occur in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine if negative symptoms were associated with defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and early maladaptive schemas in CHR participants of a group therapy intervention study. Method: All CHR participants (n = 203; 99 males, 104 females) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial: Recovery through Group Study (ReGroup). Negative symptoms, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy and early maladaptive schemas were assessed by trained clinical raters. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, functioning, and negative symptoms. Results: The majority of CHR youth (72.9%) had at least one negative symptom of moderate to above moderate severity at baseline. In multiple mediation analyses, both asocial beliefs and social self-efficacy mediated the effects of social functioning on negative symptoms. Finally, defeatist performance attitudes significantly mediated the effects of role functioning on negative symptoms. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering beliefs and attitudes in relation to functioning and severity of negative symptoms. Psychosocial interventions may wish to target beliefs and attitudes in effort to reduce negative symptoms and improve functioning in CHR youth.

Download Full-text