Negative symptoms: associations with defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and maladaptive schemas in youth and young adults at-risk for psychosis

Abstract Background: Investigations into possible mechanisms that may contribute to the development, maintenance, and exacerbation of negative symptoms are needed. Defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and early maladaptive schemas have been shown to contribute to negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Likewise, negative symptoms occur in those at clinical high-risk (CHR) for psychosis. Aims: The aim of this study was to determine if negative symptoms were associated with defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, and early maladaptive schemas in CHR participants of a group therapy intervention study. Method: All CHR participants (n = 203; 99 males, 104 females) were recruited as part of a three-site randomized control trial: Recovery through Group Study (ReGroup). Negative symptoms, defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy and early maladaptive schemas were assessed by trained clinical raters. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine the relationship between defeatist beliefs, self-efficacy, functioning, and negative symptoms. Results: The majority of CHR youth (72.9%) had at least one negative symptom of moderate to above moderate severity at baseline. In multiple mediation analyses, both asocial beliefs and social self-efficacy mediated the effects of social functioning on negative symptoms. Finally, defeatist performance attitudes significantly mediated the effects of role functioning on negative symptoms. Conclusions: These results highlight the importance of considering beliefs and attitudes in relation to functioning and severity of negative symptoms. Psychosocial interventions may wish to target beliefs and attitudes in effort to reduce negative symptoms and improve functioning in CHR youth.

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Emotional intelligence and depressive symptoms in Spanish institutionalized elders: does emotional self-efficacy act as a mediator?

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.2246 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. e2246 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Octavio Luque-Reca ◽

José María Augusto-Landa ◽

Manuel Pulido-Martos

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Emotional Intelligence ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Positive Association ◽

Multiple Mediation ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Emotional Ability ◽

The Relationship

Background.This work examines the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and depressive symptomatology in institutionalized older adults, delving into the mechanisms underlying this relationship. Considering that previous evidence of the variation of the EI-depression relationship depending on whether the emotional ability or the perception of that ability is evaluated, a model of multiple mediation was tested in which the dimensions of emotional self-efficacy (ESE) act as mediators in the relationship between ability EI and depressive symptomatology.Methods.The sample consisted of 115 institutionalized older adults (47.82% women; 80.3 ± 7.9 years of age) from the province of Jaén (Spain) who completed a test of ESE, a measure of ability EI, and a self-administered questionnaire of depressive symptoms.Results.The results showed a positive association between older adults’ emotional performance and depressive symptomatology, finding stronger associations with ESE than with EI abilities. In addition, multiple mediation analyses showed that two of the four dimensions of ESE fully mediated the relationship between ability EI and depressive symptoms.Discussion.These findings suggest that older adults’ high levels of emotional competence generate a feeling of ESE which can protect them against depressive symptoms. This work supports the predictive validity of emotional abilities and ESE for the mental health of a group that is particularly vulnerable to depression, institutionalized older adults. The limitations of the work are discussed, and future lines of research were considered.

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Poster #T248 NEGATIVE SYMPTOMS, SOCIAL SELF-EFFICACY AND SOCIAL FUNCTION IN SCHIZOPHRENIA: WHAT IS THE PATHWAY?

Schizophrenia Research ◽

10.1016/s0920-9964(14)71064-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 153 ◽

pp. S377

Author(s):

Anja Vaskinn ◽

Ole A. Andreassen ◽

Ingrid Melle ◽

Kjetil Sundet

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Negative Symptoms ◽

Social Function ◽

Social Self

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Students’ Smoking Abstinence Self-efficacy toward Early Maladaptive Schemas

Journal of Community Health Research ◽

10.18502/jchr.v8i2.1178 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Jafar Shabani ◽

Abol Hassan JaferNodeh

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

High School Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Smoking Abstinence ◽

Maladaptive Schemas ◽

School Students ◽

The City

Introduction: Smoking abstinence self-efficacy is a factor that plays a key role in preventing addiction or its revival tendency after quitting. This study attempted to analyze the relationship between the early maladaptive schemas and smoking abstinence self-efficacy among the sophomore high school students in the city of Gorgan, Iran. Methods: This was a descriptive study and its population (n= 9955) included all second grade high school students in the city of Gorgan in the school year 2015-2016. The multi- stage cluster sampling method was used to select 369 participants. The required data were collected using the maladaptive schema questioners and the smoking abstinence self-efficacy questionnaire. Pearson correlation and Multi- variable regression methods were also used to analyze data. Results: The results of the current study indicated a significant, yet reverse relationship of the early maladaptive schemas with smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Furthermore, 51 percent change in self-efficacy variance is derived from the components of early maladaptive schemas. Among components of the early maladaptive schemas, components of the abandonment / alienation, the strongest predictor was students smoking abstinence self-efficacy. Conclusion: Early self- efficacy schemas are among the individual and psychological causes with especial importance in studies on smoking dependency and its consumption. Such early schemas lead to biases in an individual’s interpretation of the events. These biases are represented as distorted attitudes, false speculations, unrealistic aims and perspectives, and high- risk behaviors such as smoking.

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The Mediating Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas in the Relation between Quality of Attachment Relationships and Symptoms of Depression in Adolescents

Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy ◽

10.1017/s1352465811000117 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 471-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

Jeffrey Roelofs ◽

Chris Lee ◽

Tamara Ruijten ◽

Jill Lobbestael

Keyword(s):

Social Isolation ◽

Adolescent Depression ◽

Early Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Maladaptive Schemas ◽

Attachment Relationships ◽

Mediation Analyses ◽

Mediating Role ◽

Symptoms Of Depression

Background:Quality of attachment relations between adolescents and their parents and peers may be related to early maladaptive schemas as well as to symptoms of depression.Aims:The aim of the current study was to assess whether schema domains and maladaptive schemas mediate the relation between indices of quality of attachment relationships with parents and peers and symptoms of depression in non-clinical adolescents (N= 222).Method:A battery of questionnaires was completed, including measures of quality of attachment relations, maladaptive schemas, and depression.Results:The schema domains of disconnection and rejection and other-directedness mediated the relation between quality of attachment relationships and symptoms of depression. More precisely, the schemas’ mistrust/abuse and social isolation mediated the relation between trust in parents and depressive symptoms, whereas the schemas’ social isolation and self-sacrifice mediated the relation between alienation from peers and symptoms of depression.Conclusions:The mediation analyses suggest that treatment of adolescent depression could be focused on both attachment bonds and on changing maladaptive schemas.

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