Assessment of Heavy Metals in Selected Fish Species from Markets in the Black Sea Region of Turkey

In this study, the ecosystem marine water-sediment-biota was investigated and the pollution was assessed. The concentrations of eight elements were determined in marine water, sediments and four fish species collected from Black Sea (Varna), Bulgaria during 2013. Marine water recorded the highest concentrations of Zn (15-22 μg/L), As (1.1–1.2 μg/L) and Pb (0.7-0.8 μg/L) while Zn (31-52 μg/g), Pb (21-29 μg/g) and Cu (20-34 μg/g) and show the highest concentrations in sediments. Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. In the analysed fish species, the highest concentration of the metals Cu and Zn were found in Trachurus Mediterrneus (0.42 mg/kg w.w) and in Sprattus Sprattus (12.7 mg/kg w.w), respectively while the heavy metals As and Hg were found with maximum values in Pseta Maxima (3.99 mg/kg w.w and 0.08 mg/kg w.w respectively). The results from this study were compared with our data for a previous period (2004-2006) and they show decrease in the levels of heavy metal.

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Obsidian Exchange Networks in Prehistoric Anatolia: New Data from the Black Sea Region

Paléorient ◽

10.3406/paleo.2013.5526 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 173-182

Author(s):

Bleda S. Düring ◽

Bernard Gratuze

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Exchange Networks ◽

Black Sea Region

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The referendum as an institution in the Black Sea Region: Does it signal the rise or collapse of democracy?

Rocznik Instytutu Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej ◽

10.36874/riesw.2019.4.8 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 161-185

Author(s):

Małgorzata Podolak

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Direct Democracy ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Moral Issues ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

Positive Effects ◽

The Subject ◽

Democratic Systems ◽

Important State ◽

Constitutional Changes

Views on the institution of direct democracy have changed during the period of democratic transition. The various advantages and positive effects of direct democracy have been confirmed by the practice of some democratic countries. Its educational and political activation value for society was also noted, without which civil society cannot form. The referendum is especially treated as the purest form of correlation between the views of society and the decisions of its representatives. In a situation where two representative bodies are present – the parliament and the president – a referendum is considered a means of resolving disputes between them in important state affairs. The referendum is nowadays becoming more than just a binding or consultative opinion on a legislative act, especially a constitution. First and foremost, it is important to see the extension of the type and scope of issues that are subject to direct voting. Apart from the traditional, i.e., constitutional changes, polarising issues that raise considerable emotion have become the subject of referenda. Problems of this type include, in particular, moral issues, membership in international organisations, and so-called ‘New Policy’. This article presents the role and importance of the referendum as an institution shaping the democratic systems of the Black Sea Region.

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Geology and Geoarchaeology of the Black Sea Region: Beyond the Flood Hypothesis

10.1130/9780813724737 ◽

2011 ◽

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Black Sea Region

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Analysis of potential seismic sources of tsunamis in the Black Sea region, using data from various catalogues

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-8278 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Emil Oynakov ◽

Liliya Dimitrova ◽

Lyubka Pashova ◽

Dragomir Dragomirov

Keyword(s):

Black Sea ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Active Faults ◽

Active Regions ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Earthquake Catalogues ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

Global Science ◽

Using Data

Low-laying territories along the Black Sea coastal line are more vulnerable to the possible high (long) waves due to tsunami events caused by strong earthquakes in the active seismic regions. Historically, such events are rare in the Black Sea region, despite some scientific evidence of tsunamis and their recordings through continuous sea-level observations with tide gauges built in certain places along the coast. This study analyses seismic data derived from different international earthquake catalogues - NEIC, ISC, EMSC, IDC and Bulgarian national catalogue (1981 - 2019). A catalogue of earthquakes within the period covering the historical to the contemporary seismicity with magnitudes M &#8805; 3 is compiled. The data are processed applying the software package ZMAP, developed by Stefan Wiemer (http://www.seismo.ethz.ch/en/research-and-teaching/products-software/software/ZMAP/index.html). The catalogues' completeness is calculated to assess the reliability of the historical data needed to assess the risk of rare tsunami events. The prevailing part of the earthquakes' epicentres are in the seismically active regions of Shabla, the Crimean peninsula, the east and southeast coast of the Black Sea forming six main clusters, which confirmed previous studies in the region. In these areas, several active and potentially active faults, which can generate tsunamigenic seismic events, are recognized.Acknowledgements: The authors would like to thank the Bulgarian National Science Fund for co-funding the research under the Contract &#1050;&#1055;-&#1057;&#1045;-&#1050;&#1054;&#1057;&#1058;/8, 25.09.2020, which is carried out within framework of COST Action 18109 &#8220;Accelerating Global science In Tsunami HAzard and Risk analysis&#8221; (AGITHAR; https://www.agithar.uni-hamburg.de/).

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Georgian Historians and the Ideological Confrontation Between East and West

Scientific knowledge - autonomy, dependence, resistance - Balkanistic Forum ◽

10.37708/bf.swu.v30i1.9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 (1) ◽

pp. 153-164

Author(s):

George Gotsiridze

Keyword(s):

Soviet Union ◽

Cultural Values ◽

Black Sea ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Black Sea Region ◽

The Soviet Union ◽

Long Time ◽

Science And Culture ◽

East And West

The work, on the one hand, highlights the mission of Europe, as an importer of knowledge, which has for centuries been the center of gravity for the whole world, and, on the other hand, the role of the Black Sea Region, as an important part of the Great Silk Road, which had also for a long time been promoting the process of rap-prochement and exchange of cultural values between East and West peoples, until it became the ‘inner lake’ of the Ottoman Empire, and today it reverts the function of rapproching and connecting civilizations. The article shows the importance of the Black Sea countries in maintaining overall European stability and in this context the role of historical science. On the backdrop of the ideological confrontation between Georgian historians being inside and outside the Iron Curtain, which began with the foundation of the Soviet Union, the research sheds light on the merit of the Georgian scholars-in-exile for both popularization of the Georgian culture and science in Eu-rope and for importing advanced (European) scientific knowledge to Georgia. Ex-change of knowledge in science and culture between the Black Sea region and Europe will enrich and complete each other through impact and each of them will have unique, inimitative features.

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