MORE THAN A CENTURY OF CYTOGENETIC STUDIES IN CHILEAN PLANTS: HOW MUCH HAVE WE PROGRESSED?

An overview is provided on the cytogenetic of Chilean plants, highlighting information gathered from more than a century of work carried out by foreign and national researchers who have contributed to the study of native species. We briefly present the progress made to date and also emphasize some strategies that, in our opinion, could spur further advances in this second century of cytogenetic studies in Chilean plants. Key words: Cytogenetics, cytogenomics, Chilean plants.

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Indexing Roman imperialism

The Indexer The International Journal of Indexing ◽

10.3828/indexer.2005.24.3.7 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 138-140

Author(s):

John Richardson

Keyword(s):

Roman Empire ◽

Key Words ◽

Second Century ◽

Third Century ◽

Research Project ◽

Roman Imperialism ◽

Changing Attitudes ◽

The Way

This paper is a brief account of a research project on the changing attitudes of the Roman upper classes to the emergence of the Roman Empire from the late third century BC to the early second century AD. The methodology consists of the examination of certain key words, their meaning and context, throughout the period, and the paper describes the way in which these data are collected and analysed.

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Cytogenetic studies in the genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae): fluorochrome-banded karyotypes of five taxa, including the Iberian endemic species Artemisia barrelieri Besser

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b97-066 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 75 (4) ◽

pp. 595-606 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Joan Vallès Xirau ◽

Sonja Siljak-Yakovlev

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Diploid Species ◽

Basic Number ◽

Chromosome Morphology ◽

Fluorochrome Banding ◽

Tetraploid Species ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

Two Populations ◽

Basic Numbers

Fluorochrome-banded karyotypes of eight populations belonging to five taxa of the genus Artemisia from different European origins are presented. The most common basic number x = 9 is found in six populations of two diploid and two tetraploid species, whereas two populations of one diploid species have the less frequent basic number x = 8. The data on chromosome morphology and fluorochrome banding lead to some karyosystematic and evolutionary considerations, among others the postulation of descendent dysploidy to explain the occurrence of the two basic numbers in the genus. Key words: Asteraceae, Anthemideae, Artemisia, karyotypes, fluorochrome banding, cytotaxonomy, evolution.

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Cytogenetics of coffee

Brazilian Journal of Plant Physiology ◽

10.1590/s1677-04202006000100004 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 37-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Cecília A. F. Pinto-Maglio

Keyword(s):

Native Species ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

Parental Species ◽

Chromosome Counts ◽

Genetic Affinity ◽

Metaphase Chromosomes ◽

Disomic Inheritance ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

Longitudinal Differentiation ◽

Segmental Allopolyploid

The genus Coffea L. has around 100 native species distributed in tropical and subtropical areas in Africa, and the most important economic species are C. arabica and C. canephora. C. arabica is exceptional in the genus since it is the only species so far analyzed which is self-compatible, and a natural polyploid with 2n=4x=44 chromosomes; it is considered to be a segmental allopolyploid because it presents a disomic inheritance and a regular meiotic behavior. All other species in the genus are self-incompatible diploids with 2n=2x=22. Cytogenetic studies in Coffea, undertaken since 1912, have followed various phases: initial studies were limited only to establishing chromosome counts. Subsequent studies characterized the karyotypes of various species using conventional cytological techniques. As the somatic metaphase chromosomes of coffee are very small (1 - 3 µm) and morphologically symmetrical, these studies resulted in uniform karyotypes that show almost no differences among species. Since genetic improvement of coffee trees has progressed mainly by means of interspecific hybridizations involving wild species, analyses of microsporogenesis in species and hybrids were needed to establish their genetic affinity and relationships. The first successful attempts to differentiate coffee chromosomes longitudinally were made by mapping pachytene chromomeric patterns and by C and NOR banding techniques. From 1998 onwards, the use of banding techniques with the fluorochromes DAPI and CMA3, and also the cytomolecular technique FISH using rDNA probes, has increased the longitudinal differentiation of coffee chromosomes. The use of the GISH technique with total genomic DNA has revealed the parental species that originated C. arabica species.

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Cytogenetic studies of aneuploids in rapeseed. II. Morphology, fertility, and cytology of self-pollinated progenies of monosomic plants of Brassica napus L.

Genome ◽

10.1139/g87-030 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 174-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Ru-ying Chang ◽

William Tai ◽

Z. Fan

Keyword(s):

Brassica Napus ◽

Key Words ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Dosage Effect ◽

Brassica Napus L ◽

Pollen Mother Cells ◽

Cytogenetic Studies ◽

Mode Of Transmission ◽

Mother Cells ◽

Multivalent Association

Cytogenic studies were conducted on self-pollinated progenies from two monosomic lines of Brassica napus to ascertain the mode of transmission of the monosomic chromosome. An approximately 1:1 ratio of disomic to monosomic plants was obtained. Only one nullisomic plant was found among a total of 71 plants analyzed. The 1:1 ratio and the anaphase I disjunction (19–18) suggest that the gametes (n) were twice as competitive or functional as their counterpart (n − 1). Since quadrivalents were observed in the disomic plants and only trivalents in the monosomics, the monosomic chromosomes were believed to be the ones that were involved in the formation of multivalents. The percentage of multivalent association in monosomic plants was almost double that in disomic plants. In the disomic plants, an average of 11.96% of pollen mother cells had one to two quadri-valents. The average frequency of trivalents in the monosomics was 23.63%. It was suggested that pairing of these homologs was genetically controlled with a dosage effect. The absence of one chromosome increased the frequency of multivalents. Key words: monosomic, Brassica, rapeseed, aneuploid.

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Keanekaragaman Anggrek (Orchidaceae) di Taman Wisata Alam Sorong, Kota Sorong, Papua Barat

JURNAL BIOLOGI PAPUA ◽

10.31957/jbp.492 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 74-79

Author(s):

Reza Saputra ◽

Djefry Tibalia ◽

Fajar Darwis ◽

Akbar Sumirto

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Endemic Species ◽

Native Species ◽

National Park ◽

Epiphytic Orchids ◽

Terrestrial Orchids ◽

West Papua ◽

Nature Park ◽

Papua Barat ◽

Diversity Studies

Orchid diversity studies have been conducted at the Sorong Nature Park, Sorong City, West Papua. There are 84 collection numbers consisting of 69 epiphytic orchids, 14 terrestrial orchids, and 1 holomycotrophic orchid. This number belongs to 34 genera and 84 species, which are native species with at least 36 endemic species. Dendrobium, Bulbophyllum, and Taeniophyllum are the three genera with the highest numbers of species. Key words: Orchid, Diversity, Sorong National Park, West Papua.

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El ñandú en Uruguay: el consumo alimentario de un ave nativa percibida como exótica

STUDIUM ◽

10.26754/ojs_studium/stud.2016223032 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 225-233

Author(s):

Gustavo Laborde

Keyword(s):

Key Words ◽

Rural Population ◽

Native Species ◽

Public Funding ◽

17Th Century ◽

Archaeological Sites ◽

Palabras Clave ◽

Year 2000 ◽

Food Consumed

Los yacimientos arqueológicos registran que el consumo de ñandú era habitual entre las poblaciones originarias del actual territorio uruguayo. Tras la introducción del ganado vacuno en la primera mitad del siglo xvii, cuando se asentaron también los primeros colonos europeos, el consumo de carne de ñandú comenzó a perder importancia en la dieta local, aunque en el área rural se mantuvo el consumo de sus huevos y el ave se siguió cazando para extraerle las plumas. Hacia el año 2000, con impulso estatal, se instalaron varios criaderos con el objetivo de exportar carne de ñandú a Europa y de abastecer a restaurantes y consumidores gourmets locales. Pese a ser una especie nativa, su carne se clasifica dentro de las carnes exóticas, actitud que a su vez revela la centralidad de la carne vacuna en la dieta uruguaya, que se percibe como autóctona. Palabras clave: ñandú, consumo, carne, huevos, Uruguay Abstract Archaeological sites have shown that ñandú meat was common among the food consumed by the natives in what is now the current Uruguayan territory. Since the arrival of cattle, during the first half of the 17th Century —also the time of the first European settlers— ñandú meat became increasingly rare in the local diet, even though the rural population continued to eat the eggs and hunt the ñandú because of its feathers.In the year 2000, and with Public funding, several breeding centers were initiated. The goal was to export ñandú meat to Europe, and to supply local restaurants and connoiseurs. Despite the fact that the ñandú is a native species, its meat is cataloged as “exotic”, a fact that reflects the centrality of beef in the Uruguayan diet, as beef is perceived as indigenous. Key words: ñandú, consumption, meat, eggs, Uruguay

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