Features of Long-Term Incidence Rates of Acute Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Influenza in the Population of the Rostov Region

Summary. Introduction: As of today, acute viral upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) remain the most common diseases in the world and the Russian Federation and one of the most important problems of national health care. The objective of our work was to study the dynamics and intensity of the epidemic process of influenza and other URTIs in the Russian Federation and Rostov Region over a thirty-year period and to establish the main features of the disease incidence in the Rostov Region. Materials and methods: We analyzed data of annual State Reports on Sanitary and Epidemiological Wellbeing of the Population in the Russian Federation and Statistical Form No. 2 on information about infectious and parasitic diseases for the period 1990–2019 and data on the size of population using StatSoft STATISTICA 6.1.478 Russian, Microsoft Excel, and NextGIS QGIS software. Results: We found that in 1990–1999, 2000–2009, and 2010–2019, regional URTI rates tended to decrease in each subsequent decade compared to the previous one. The long-term incidence rate of URTIs in the Rostov Region was 16,099.2 ± (2.045 × 384.2) ‰оо, lower than the Russian average rate of 19,710.3 ± (2.045 × 326.4) (p = 0.05). The amplitude of fluctuations in the incidence was 8,015.4 ‰оо and 7,619.6 ‰оо in the Rostov Region and the Russian Federation, respectively. Until 1997, regional incidence rates were comparable to the national averages but demonstrated an upward trend since the year 2000. We revealed unevenness of the course of the epidemic process related to cyclicity, with an increase in the duration of cycles since 1998. It was determined that the regional incidence of influenza was significantly lower than the national average and had a tendency to decrease. The long-term influenza rate in the Rostov Region was 412.4 ± (2.045 × 131.3) (p = 0.05) or almost three times lower than that in the country 1,553.0 ± (2.045 × 301.2) (p = 0.05). The dynamics of influenza incidence in the Rostov Region also had a cyclical course with a smaller amplitude of fluctuations (3,215.1 ‰оо) than in the Russian Federation (5,164.8 ‰оо). The duration of epidemic cycles in 1990–1998 and 2002–2012 was two years but we noted a three-year cycle in 1999–2001. We established a correlation between influenza and URTI rates and population density in regional cities and various age groups: the highest URTI rates (74.9 %) were registered in children between two to 17 years of age while 52.5 % of influenza cases were adults (aged 18+). Conclusion: The established characteristics of the development of the epidemic process of influenza and URTIs in the Rostov Region prove the necessity of a differentiated approach to organizing and implementing comprehensive preventive measures within optimization of epidemiological surveillance of these diseases, and can also serve as basic criteria for disease prediction.

Download Full-text

Safety and Tolerability of 60 Weeks' Extended Efalizumab Therapy in Patients with Chronic Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis

Psoriasis Forum ◽

10.1177/247553030713a00105 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13a (1) ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Alice B. Gottlieb ◽

Tiffani K. Hamilton ◽

Ivor Caro ◽

Peter Compton ◽

Craig L. Leonardi

Keyword(s):

Safety Profile ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Safety Data ◽

Acute Type ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections ◽

Term Maintenance ◽

Common Infections

The chronic nature of psoriasis calls for long-term maintenance of control; thus, it is important to understand the long-term safety profile of effective therapies. We present long-term safety data for the T-cell inhibitor efalizumab in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. To further assess the safety profile of efalizumab over extended therapy periods, we evaluated pooled results from 1,004 patients enrolled in two studies where patients were to be treated for 60 weeks. The most frequently observed adverse events (AEs) were acute-type AEs, predefined as headache, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting and myalgia occurring within 48 hours of efalizumab dosing. The rate of infection was comparable to rates reported in other efalizumab trials. The most common infections were colds and upper respiratory tract infections. The incidence of malignancy was <1% in any 12-week period. These studies demonstrate that the safety profile for efalizumab is maintained for up to 60 weeks.

Download Full-text

NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION COVID-19: FEATURES OF THE COURSE IN CHILDREN IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

PEDIATRIA Journal named after G N SPERANSKY ◽

10.24110/0031-403x-2020-99-6-57-62 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (6) ◽

pp. 57-62

Author(s):

A.V. Gorelov ◽

◽

S.V. Nikolaeva ◽

V.G. Akimkin ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Disease Onset ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Final Diagnosis ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

Objective of the research: to determine clinical and epidemiological features of the course of the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 in children in the Russian Federation (RF). Materials and methods: a retrospective analysis of all confirmed COVID-19 cases in children in the first half of 2020 in the Russian Federation was performed. Information about patients (age, sex, examination date, place of residence, disease severity final diagnosis, etc.) was taken from the database containing the Rospotrebnadzor report form № 970 «Information on cases of infectious diseases in persons with suspected new coronavirus infection» January – June 2020 across the Russian Federation. Research results were processed using the IBM SPSS Statistics 26 program. To assess the differences in nominal indicators (proportions), the Pearson χ2 test was used. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0,05. Results: in the RF, the total number of children infected with COVID-19 in the first half of 2020 amounted to 8,4% among all patients with this infection. Children of all ages get sick with COVID-19, and boys are slightly more likely than girls (52,2% versus 47,8%, p>0,05). In children, the maximum number of cases is registered in family foci – 75%. Upper respiratory tract infections were diagnosed in 72,1% of patients. The proportion of pneumonia was 1,8%, and 2/3 of children were over 3 years old (p<0,001). In almost 1/3 of patients, the infection course had no clinical manifestations. 18,2% of children at the disease onset had increased body temperature, while only 3,5% of children had hyperthermia above 390 C. Cough was registered in 50,8% of cases. Rhinitis/rhinopharyngitis developed only in every 4th child. Symptoms pathognomonic for COVID-19, such as loss of smell (anosmia) and taste (ageusia), were recorded only in 17% of cases. 41,3% of patients received treatment in a hospital, and among them children under 3 years of age predominated. Conclusion: in children in the RF, the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 is generally favorable.

Download Full-text

Brain Abscess in Children: A Rare but Serious Infection

Clinical Pediatrics ◽

10.1177/0009922817733301 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 57 (5) ◽

pp. 574-579 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Zumrut Sahbudak Bal ◽

Cenk Eraslan ◽

Elif Bolat ◽

Gulhadiye Avcu ◽

Nilgun Kultursay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Abscess ◽

Respiratory Tract Infections ◽

Respiratory Infections ◽

Upper Respiratory Tract ◽

Neurological Sequelae ◽

Serious Infection ◽

Brain Abscesses ◽

Upper Respiratory ◽

Tract Infections

Brain abscess is a rare disease in childhood requiring prompt medical and/or surgical treatment. The objective was to review presentation, management, and outcome of brain abscess in children. We reviewed the clinical and radiological features and outcomes of 18 children (10 females, 8 males), with a median age of 48 months (range 1-182), that presented with brain abscesses and admitted to a tertiary pediatric infectious department between December 2010 and January 2017. One (5.5%) patient underwent craniotomy and 14 (77.7%) had burr hole aspirations. The most common localization was the frontal lobe (33.3%). The survival rate was 94.4%, and long-term neurological sequelae affected 27.7% of the patients. Empiric treatment choices require knowledge of common pathogens and local resistance. The most predominant infections were still upper respiratory infections. Clinicians may treat the children with appropriate choice and duration of antibiotic treatment for upper respiratory tract infections.

Download Full-text