Muhammad’s Heirs:
Muhammad’s Heirs: The Rise of Muslim Scholarly Communities, by JonathanE. Brockopp of Penn State University, begins anecdotally with an encounterwith Moroccan students at the “University of Fez-Sais” (apparently the Collegeof Literature, Kulliyat al-Adab). In this encounter the author challengesstudents’ presumptive trust in the scholastic honesty of classical Muslimscholars, like Qadi Iyad b. Musa (d. 544/1149). Brockopp claims that QadiIyad “subtly manipulated” the stories of scholars in order to “fulfill his notionof what a great legal scholar should be” (1). Building on this contention,Brockopp endeavors in Muhammad’s Heirs to “reconstruct the historyof Muslim scholars based primarily on documentary sources” (2) and “to imagine Islam without the scholarly institutions that arose only centuriesafter Muhammad’s death” (3).Biographical works on Muslim scholars give the general impressionthat religious and scholarly “classes” were immediately known to the pioneergenerations and have always been christened as Islam’s indispensableand sole charismatic leadership. Brockopp argues the contrary, namelythat for approximately the first two centuries of Islamic history there wasno established class or community of scholars with an authoritative voice.Despite being subversive of Muslim scholarly authority, Brockopp’s truegoal appears to be an effort to offer a more accurate picture of early Islamichistory and the way that the early community organically evolved to seereligious scholars as a special class whose authority is to be appealed to byboth the governed and governors ...