Technical Feasibility to Utilize Wasted Empty Fruit Bunch from Small Scale Farms for Simultaneous Production of Biochar and Electricity

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Dwi Setiawan ◽  
Johanis Rumengan Pangala ◽  
Abdul Baits Dehana Padma Swastika ◽  
Armansyah Halomoan Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Technical Feasibility ◽  
Excess Heat ◽  
Simultaneous Production ◽  
And Performance

Biochar production by pyrolysis stove and utilization of the excess heat to generate electricity, simultaneously, could improve the performance of the whole system, and give a significant solution to both energy and environmental problems. This is especially if implemented as a stand-alone facility and applied in a remote area. The purpose of this study is to evaluate technical feasibility and strategy in using pyrolysis stoves to produce biochar and generate electricity by ORC, simultaneously. This study combines various data obtained previously, which consists of pyrolysis stove design and performance test for simultaneous biochar production and thermal energy use, and ORC experiments for electricity generation. Those data then was used to analyze the technical feasibility of the simultaneous production of biochar and electricity generation using the excess heat from the pyrolysis stove. The integration of the pyrolysis stove with the ORC was conducted in a simulative study. The results showed that biochar produced using the pyrolysis stove has characteristics that are very supportive for use as a soil enhancer. Excess heat from the pyrolysis stove during the production of biochar can be used to fuel the ORC system to generate electricity. The optimum biochar yield and thermal efficiency of the ORC were found to be optimum at the stove's airflow rate of 0.034-0.035 kg/s. Accordingly, a combination of biochar production and electricity generation using the ORC system is considered to be technologically feasible to meet the sustainability requirement.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF DRUM COFFEE ROASTING MACHINE FOR SMALL-SCALE ENTERPRISES

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Dadang Dayat Hidayat ◽  
Arie Sudaryanto ◽  
Yose Rizal Kurniawan ◽  
Ashri Indriati ◽  
Diang Sagita
Keyword(s):  
Development Time ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Coffee Bean ◽  
Green Coffee ◽  
Roasting Machine ◽  
Average Crack ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Coffee Roasting

The design, manufacture and evaluation of a drum coffee roasting machine had been carried out. The aimed of the study was to develop a small-scale drum roaster to meet the demand of the small enterprises at design and function. The development stage consisted of sizing of the main components, creating technical drawings, determination of component materials, manufacture and performance test. The dimension of the roaster drum was 168.28 mm in diameter and 250 mm in length; the capacity of the roaster was 750 gram/ batch. Results of the test determined that the coffee roasting machine had worked well as expected. The preheating time was 15-22 minutes at a drum speed of 67.5 rpm. The initial loading temperature was 180°C. The test using arabica coffee bean reveals that the average crack time was 8.78 minutes, development time was 2.35 minutes, decreasing mass and increasing volume ranged from 19.80 – 20.30 % and 49.97 – 54.85 % respectively. The average crack time of Robusta coffee bean was 10 minutes; development time was 3 minutes, decreasing mass and increasing volume ranged from 10.87 – 14.90 % and 44.93 – 56.20 %, respectively. The required time to roast Arabica green coffee bean to the light-medium and medium-dark level was 11.3 and 12.38 minutes respectively, besides for Robusta green coffee beans was 13.00 and 14.00 minutes respectively.

scholarly journals Rancang Bangun dan Uji Kinerja Mesin Pembersihan dan Pengayakan Tipe-Grizzly Untuk Beras

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
Aprilia Dila Wardiningrum ◽  
Agus Dharmawan ◽  
Soni Sisbudi Harsono ◽  
Siswoyo Soekarno
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Optimal Separation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Data Collections ◽  
Rotational Slip ◽  
Machine Work

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan mesin pembersih dan pengayak tipe grizzly untuk beras sekaligus menguji kinerja mesin. Penelitian terdiri atas perancangan, perakitan, dan evaluasi kinerja mesin. Mesin yang dikembangkan memiliki 6 (enam) komponen utama, yaitu sumber dan transmisi tenaga putar, lubang pemasukan, unit pembersih beras, unit pengayak beras, lubang pengeluaran, dan kerangka mesin. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 3 (tiga) percobaan putaran, L (lambat), S (sedang), dan C (cepat) untuk mendapatkan data dari parameter pengukuran seperti kapasitas kerja, kecepatan putar mesin, laju isapan udara pada unit pembersih, slip putaran puli, dan persentase kehilangan bahan. Pada percobaan putaran L-S-C, yaitu 1654, 1817, dan 1979 rpm, menghasilkan laju isapan udara adalah 7,04, 7,79, dan 8,50 m/s. Slip putaran puli terjadi pada pulli 4 dengan nilai 3,27% tanpa sampal dan 1,70% dengan sampel; puli ini bertugas untuk menggetarkan ayakan grizzly 10-mesh. Kapasitas kerja pada 3 percobaan putaran (L-S-C) berturut-turut adalah 78,5, 81,6 dan 146,7 kg/jam. Pemisahan optimal dedak terjadi para percobaan putaran C sendangkan pemisahan menir terjadi pada percobaan L. Persentase kehilangan bahan tertinggi terjadi selama terjadi penurunan kecepatan putar yang mengakibatkan penurunan efektivitas kerja mesin.Design and Performance Test of Cleaning and Gryzzly-Type Sieving Machine for Rice Abstract. This research aimed to develop and a rice cleaning and grizzly-type sieving machine which also evaluates its performance. It consisted of designing, assembling, and performance evaluating of the machine. The desired machine was developed in six main components, i.e., power source, hopper, rice cleaner, rice siever, outlets, and machine frame. The research used three rotational speed treatments (Slow-Middle-Fast or L-S-C rotations) for data collections, whereas the parameters of performance testing consisted of work capacity, engine rotation speed, airflow rate, pulley rotational slip, and grain loss percentage. Engine rotation speeds at L-S-C treatments are 1654, 1817, and 1979 rpm and resulted in 7.04, 7.79, and 8.50 m/s, respectively, for airflow rates produced by the suction from a blower. The most significant rotational slip is occurred at Pulley-4 resulted in 3.27% (operating without samples) and 1.70% (operating with samples); this pulley transmitted rotational power to vibrate the 10-mesh grizzly sieve. The work capacities at L-S-C rotational treatments were 78.5, 81.6, and 146.7 kg/h, respectively. The optimal separation of brans was at C-rotational treatment, while the optimal separation of groats was at L-rotational treatment. The high percentage of grain loss occurred along with a reduction in speed that made the machine work ineffectively.

scholarly journals Modifikasi dan Uji Kinerja Alat Pengering Energi Surya-Hybrid Tipe Rak untuk Pengeringan Ikan Teri

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Risman Hanafi ◽  
Kiman Siregar ◽  
Diswandi Nurba
Keyword(s):  
Energy Use ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Total Efficiency ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Cool Storage ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Hybrid Test ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Of Harvest

Abstrak. Pada saat musim panen ikan, para nelayan banyak mendapatkan ikan teri sebagai hasil tangkapan dengan jumlah yang sangat besar. Karena jumlah yang sangat banyak, terkadang ikan teri tidak habis terjual. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan ikan teri membusuk jika tidak ada tempat pengawetan (cool storage). Salah satu cara yang dilakukan nelayan adalah dengan mengeringkan ikan teri tersebut secara alami (penjemuran dibawah sinar matahari). Alat pengering surya tipe rak adalah alat pengering berbentuk kotak yang memanfaatkan matahari sebagai energi termalnya. Adapun kendala dari alat pengering ini adalah hanya memanfaatkan panas dari energi matahari sehingga ketika cuaca dalam keadaan mendung atau saat malam tiba alat ini tidak bisa difungsikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi alat pengering surya tipe rak, menjadi alat pengering hybrid untuk pengeringan ikan teri. Hasil penelitian diperoleh total efisiensi penggunaan energi selama pengeringan yaitu, untuk pengeringan uji kosong hybrid adalah 0,010%, untuk pengeringan uji hybrid sebesar 0,695% dan untuk pengeringan uji surya sebesar 20,319%. Sementara untuk lamanya waktu pengeringan, uji hybrid ulangan 1 selama 7 jam, uji hybrid ulangan 2 selama 8 jam, uji surya ulangan 1 selama 10 jam dan uji surya ulangan 2 selama 11 jam. Untuk total energi tersedia, pengeringan hybrid sebesar 305,838 MJ dan pengeringan surya sebesar 9,896 MJ. Modifications and Performance Test Instrument Solar-Hybrid Dryer Type Rack for Drying AnchovyAbstract. At the time of harvest fish, fishermen get a lot of anchovy as catches with very large amount. Due to the very large number of these, sometimes anchovy is not sold out. This resulted in an anchovy rot if not done preservation (cool storage). One way in which the fisherman is by drying anchovy naturally (the drying in the sun). A tool rack type solar dryer is a box-shaped dryer that utilize the sun as thermal energy. The constraints of this tool is only utilizing the heat from solar energy, so when the weather is cloudy or at nightfall these tools can not function. The research aims to modify the tool rack type solar dryer to be a hybrid dryer for drying anchovy. The results were obtained that total efficiency of energy use during drying is for drying empty test hybrid is 0,010%, for drying hybrid test at 0,695%, and for drying solar test of 20,319%. As for the length of drying time, hybrid test replicates 1 for 7 hours, hybrid test replicates 2 for 8 hours, solar test replicates 1 for 10 hours, and solar test replicates 2 for 11 hours. For the total energy available, hybrid drying of 305,838 MJ and solar drying of 9,896 MJ.

Local Policy for a Protected Environmental Area Management: The Case of Limiting Motorized Vehicles in Park of Canigou in Pyrenées Orientales

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Individual Action ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Motorized Vehicles ◽  
Local Levels

“We regard the recent science –based consensual reports that climate change is, to a large extend, caused by human activities that emit green houses as tenable, Such activities range from air traffic, with a global reach over industrial belts and urban conglomerations to local small, scale energy use for heating homes and mowing lawns. This means that effective climate strategies inevitably also require action all the way from global to local levels. Since the majority of those activities originate at the local level and involve individual action, however, climate strategies must literally begin at home to hit home.”

Rancang Bangun Alat Olahan Minyak Kelapa

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
Jantri Sirait ◽  
Sulharman Sulharman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Motor ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Design Tool ◽  
Coconut Milk ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Time Required

Has done design tool is a tool of refined coconut oil coconut grater, squeezer coconut milk and coconut oil heating, with the aim to streamline the time of making coconut oil and coconut oil increase production capacity. The research method consists of several stages, among others; image creation tool, procurement of materials research, cutting the material - the material framework of tools and performance test tools. The parameters observed during the performance test tools is time grated coconut, coconut milk bleeder capacity, the capacity of the boiler and the heating time of coconut oil. The design tool consists of three parts, namely a tool shaved coconut, coconut milk wringer and coconut milk heating devices. Materials used for the framework of such tools include iron UNP 6 meters long, 7.5 cm wide, 4 mm thick, while the motor uses an electric motor 0.25 HP 1430 rpm and to dampen the rotation electric motor rotation used gearbox with a ratio of round 1 : 60. the results of the design ie the time required for coconut menyerut average of 297 seconds, coconut milk wringer capacity of 5 kg of processes and using gauze pads to filter coconut pulp, as well as the heating process takes ± 2 hours with a capacity of 80 kg , The benefits of coconut oil refined tools are stripping time or split brief coconut average - average 7 seconds and coconut shell can be used as craft materials, processes extortion coconut milk quickly so the production capacity increased and the stirring process coconut oil mechanically.ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan rancang bangun alat olahan minyak kelapa yaitu alat pemarut kelapa, pemeras santan kelapa dan pemanas minyak kelapa, dengan tujuan untuk mengefisiensikan waktu pembuatan minyak kelapa serta meningkatkan kapasitas produksi minyak kelapa. Metode penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahapan antara lain; pembuatan gambar alat, pengadaan bahan-bahan penelitian, pemotongan bahan - bahan rangka alat dan uji unjuk kerja alat. Parameter yang diamati pada saat uji unjuk kerja alat adalah waktu parut kelapa, kapasitas pemeras santan kelapa, kapasitas tungku pemanas serta waktu pemanasan minyak kelapa. Rancangan alat terdiri dari tiga bagian yaitu alat penyerut kelapa, alat pemeras santan kelapa dan alat pemanas santan kelapa. Bahan yang dipergunakan untuk rangka alat tersebut  yaitu besi UNP panjang 6 meter, lebar 7,5 cm, tebal 4 mm, sedangkan untuk motor penggerak menggunakan motor listrik 0,25 HP 1430 rpm dan untuk meredam putaran putaran motor listrik dipergunakan gearbox  dengan perbandingan putaran 1 : 60. Hasil dari rancangan tersebut yaitu waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk menyerut kelapa rata-rata 297 detik, kapasitas alat pemeras santan kelapa 5 kg sekali proses dan menggunakan kain kassa untuk menyaring ampas kelapa, serta Proses pemanasan membutuhkan waktu ± 2 jam dengan kapasitas 80 kg. Adapun keunggulan alat olahan minyak kelapa ini adalah waktu pengupasan atau belah kelapa singkat rata – rata 7 detik dan tempurung kelapa dapat digunakan sebagai bahan kerajinan, proses pemerasan santan kelapa cepat sehingga kapasitas produksi meningkat dan proses pengadukan minyak kelapa secara mekanis. Kata kunci : penyerut, pemeras, pemanas,minyak kelapa,olahan minyak kelapa.

scholarly journals Design and performance test of variable diameter threshing drum of combine harvester

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhan Su ◽  
Zhao Ding ◽  
Liquan Tian ◽  
Xue Lin ◽  
Zhiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Variable Diameter ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
And Performance

Physical and performance characteristics related to starter status, position, and division in Japanese collegiate American-football players

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Junta Iguchi ◽  
Minoru Matsunami ◽  
Tatsuya Hojo ◽  
Yoshihiko Fujisawa ◽  
Kenji Kuzuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
American Football ◽  
Football Players ◽  
Jump Height ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
And Performance

BACKGROUND: Few studies have investigated the variations in body composition and performance in Japanese collegiate American-football players. OBJECTIVE: To clarify what characterizes competitors at the highest levels – in the top division or on the starting lineup – we compared players’ body compositions and performance test results. METHODS: This study included 172 players. Each player’s body composition and performance (one-repetition maximum bench press, one-repetition maximum back squat, and vertical jump height) were measured; power was estimated from vertical jump height and body weight. Players were compared according to status (starter vs. non-starter), position (skill vs. linemen), and division (1 vs. 2). Regression analysis was performed to determine characteristics for being a starter. RESULTS: Players in higher divisions and who were starters were stronger and had more power, greater body size, and better performance test results. Players in skill positions were relatively stronger than those in linemen positions. Vertical jump height was a significant predictor of being a starter in Division 1. CONCLUSION: Power and vertical jump may be a deciding factor for playing as a starter or in a higher division.

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