scholarly journals History of vaccines: the prequel to Edward Jenner

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Richiardi, L.
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genus Homo ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cost Efficient

In times of pandemics, it is inevitable for dissertations to revolve around epidemics and that cost efficient cure that can save most lives. Much has already been written about vaccines and much more will be published in the future. When tracing the history of vaccines, authors often begin with the Jenner’s revolutionary technique, and follow its evolution up to the present day. But one’s technique or discovery, however ingenious and innovative, does not originate from thin air. Since the dawn of days, the genus Homo had to deal with infectious and non-comunicable diseases, trying to tackle them with the cultural means that were available at any given time. “Producing the first vaccine was therefore a long and fascinating adventure of human ingenuity”. I want then to retrace this path with what archeology, molecular biology, literature and history have to offer, placing Edward Jenner’s work as the culmination of our journey KEY WORDS history of medicine; epidemics; vaccines.

scholarly journals First female cardiac surgeon

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (Ahead of Print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Azat Turgunov
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Medicine History ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cardiac Surgeon

For a long time, medicine was the prerogative of men, and women were not allowed to this area. And despite the prohibitions and moral values of those times, women left a mark in the history of medicine. Key words: women, medicine, history, cardiac surgery

Chronicle of an extraordinary space journey (ballistic analysis of Soyuz T-15 flight)

2021 ◽  
pp. 128-139
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. SOLOVIEV ◽  
Rafail F. MURTAZIN ◽  
Evgeny K. MELNIKOV
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Fuel Consumption ◽  
Space Exploration ◽  
Earth Orbit ◽  
Orbital Station ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Manned Space

35 years ago, in March 1986, a unique flight of the Soyuz T-15 transport manned vehicle was performed, including in its program the flight of the crew from one orbital station to another (from the Mir station to the Salyut-7 station) and back. In the 60-year history of manned space exploration, such a double flight continues to be the only one of its kind. The article considers the circumstances that developed at the time of the Mir station launch into orbit — the first station of the 3rd generation. The approaches adopted during the development of the ballistics profile and the operational changes required during its implementation are described in detail. In conclusion, the actual fuel consumption of all spacecraft involved in this scheme is presented. It is assumed that the experience gained during the implementation of flights can be used in future promising manned missions, both in near-Earth orbit and in the implementation of the future Lunar program. Key words: orbital station Salyut, orbital station Mir, manned vehicle, orbital flights, prospective human missions.

scholarly journals barbarización del ejército romano

STUDIUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 13-40
Author(s):  
Ignacio Jesús Álvarez Soria
Keyword(s):  
Roman Empire ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Military History ◽  
Roman Army ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Military ◽  
Late Roman

Resumen En el presente artículo repasaremos someramente algunos de los hitos más reseñables de la historia militar del Imperio Romano Tardío, haciendo hincapié en el papel de los bárbaros que luchaban junto a los romanos, puesto que la barbarización del ejercito romano ha sido uno de los puntos de referencia en las investigaciones acerca de la decadencia y caída del Imperio Romano. En este sentido, haremos referencia al papel integrador que tuvo el ejército romano durante buena parte de la historia del Imperio Romano, y señalaremos los principales hechos que condujeron al final de dicho papel; esbozando también las desastrosas consecuencias que tuvo este hecho para el futuro del Imperio, especialmente del Occidental.    Palabras clave: Bárbaros, ejército, integración, migración, godos, reclutamiento. Abstract In this article we will briefly review some of the most important milestones in the military history of the Late Roman Empire. In it we will emphasize the role of the barbarians who fought with the Romans, since the barbarización of the Roman army is one of the points of reference in the investigations about the decay and fall of the Roman Empire. In this sense, we will refer to the role played by the Roman army in the integration of foreigners during a large part of the history of the Roman Empire. In addition, we will point out the main events that led to the end of this integrating role; we will also indicate the disastrous consequences this fact had for the future of the Empire, especially for the Western part. Key words: Barbarians, army, integration, migration, goths, recruitment.

scholarly journals History of Medicine between tradition and modernity

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-245
Author(s):  
Cristian Bârsu
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Science ◽  
Young Physicians

History of medicine is an extensive and very complex science. In a simple and classical understanding, it has an informative and associative role. Although it is not easy for students to understand the multiple implications of the history of medicine, its importance becomes more evident during their academic formation. The students must be persuaded particularly about the ethical and cultural values that history of medicine has in their training. Furthermore, history of medicine participates in creating the necessary perspective for shaping the future of medicine in the next decades. This is, perhaps, the most interesting role that the history of medicine should play from the modern point of view of students and young physicians. This paper presents different ways of understanding the roles of the history of medicine regarded from the traditional perspective to the contemporary point of view.

scholarly journals Rule 2.1 of Ontario’s Rules of Civil Procedure: Responding to Vexatious Litigation While Advancing Access to Justice?

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 243-303
Author(s):  
Gerrard J Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Civil Procedure ◽  
Access To Justice ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cost Efficient

This article analyzes the first three years of the operation of Rule 2.1 of Ontario’s Rules of Civil Procedure (the “Rule”), which allows a court to very summarily dismiss litigation that is “on its face” frivolous, vexatious, and/or abusive. The author explores the history of and rationale for the Rule, in the context of the access to justice crisis in Ontario, and in light of the perceived inadequacy of alternative mechanisms for addressing the dangers raised by vexatious litigants. He then reviews all 190 Rule 2.1 decisions decided between July 1, 2014 and June 30, 2017, with the goal to provide guidance for future lawyers and judges considering using the Rule. This is followed by an analysis of the effects on access to justice of the Rule, in terms of providing speedy and cost-efficient resolution of actions on their merits. The author concludes by considering how the Rule should be used in the future – doctrinally, institutionally, and ethically. His conclusions are hopeful. The Rule is powerful, and its use should prompt some pause in judges and lawyers. By and large, however, the Rule has been very well employed. It has resulted in immense savings of time and financial expense and many cases model fairness to vulnerable parties. In rare instances where the Rule’s (attempted) use has been inappropriate, costs in terms of delay and financial expense are usually minimal. The Rule is ultimately an inspiring example of how civil procedure can be amended to facilitate access to justice.

A System for Production and Dissemination of Modular Instructional Materials

1980 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Hewitt ◽  
Rustum Roy ◽  
B. E. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental System ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Science And Engineering ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Future ◽  
Materials Science And Engineering ◽  
Cost Efficient ◽  
Computerized System

The textbook is greatly limited as a means of meeting the educational requirements of new syncretic disciplines like materials science and engineering. Print modules may be the direction of the future in these cases. Accessed by key words in a computerized system, custom made courses of such modules could be quickly prepared. An experimental system is being developed to do this with a special emphasis on cost efficient dissemination through a Journal with free reproduction rights.

History of medicine

2001 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-136
Author(s):  
David Pearson ◽  
Susan Gove ◽  
John Lancaster
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
History Of
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document