scholarly journals History of Medicine between tradition and modernity

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-245
Author(s):  
Cristian Bârsu
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Complex Science ◽  
Young Physicians

History of medicine is an extensive and very complex science. In a simple and classical understanding, it has an informative and associative role. Although it is not easy for students to understand the multiple implications of the history of medicine, its importance becomes more evident during their academic formation. The students must be persuaded particularly about the ethical and cultural values that history of medicine has in their training. Furthermore, history of medicine participates in creating the necessary perspective for shaping the future of medicine in the next decades. This is, perhaps, the most interesting role that the history of medicine should play from the modern point of view of students and young physicians. This paper presents different ways of understanding the roles of the history of medicine regarded from the traditional perspective to the contemporary point of view.

scholarly journals History of vaccines: the prequel to Edward Jenner

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Richiardi, L.
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Genus Homo ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Cost Efficient

In times of pandemics, it is inevitable for dissertations to revolve around epidemics and that cost efficient cure that can save most lives. Much has already been written about vaccines and much more will be published in the future. When tracing the history of vaccines, authors often begin with the Jenner’s revolutionary technique, and follow its evolution up to the present day. But one’s technique or discovery, however ingenious and innovative, does not originate from thin air. Since the dawn of days, the genus Homo had to deal with infectious and non-comunicable diseases, trying to tackle them with the cultural means that were available at any given time. “Producing the first vaccine was therefore a long and fascinating adventure of human ingenuity”. I want then to retrace this path with what archeology, molecular biology, literature and history have to offer, placing Edward Jenner’s work as the culmination of our journey KEY WORDS history of medicine; epidemics; vaccines.

scholarly journals The Coronavirus Pandemic - a Systemic overview

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Diani
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Systemic Thinking ◽  
Global Response ◽  
Environmental Consequences ◽  
Historical Significance ◽  
Human Wellbeing ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

The Coronavirus pandemic is a major challenge to human wellbeing; it directly affects health, and indirectly involves the economic, politic and social spheres. This, in turn, is going to have major systemic, worldwide health, social and environmental consequences. In this paper, I will briefly sum up the history of the pandemic, the worldwide diffusion, the major different political reactions, as well as health and political countermeasures, and the economic consequences / evaluations for the future. The aim of this paper is to show and address all the different spheres involved and their relationships. Emphasis will be placed on the paradoxical presence of a large amount of data and the big uncertainty for the future. The outcomes will be briefly analyzed on a healthcare, political and socio-economical level. The point of view is systemic with human beings, institutions and the environment seen as a whole. Systemic thinking allows interdisciplinary research to be decisive in understanding the worldwide reaction to the pandemic. The global response to this crisis is of historical significance, and therefore potentially decisive for the multi-layered future of the world.

Philosophie in ihrer (und gegen ihre) Zeit

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Martin Saar
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Philosophical Thought ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of

Abstract It is not evident in what sense philosophy relates to its own time and present. From the history of philosophical thought, several models have been suggested, ranging from a strong reliance on tradition to the wholesale rejection of the present and demand for a ‘philosophy of the future,’ from the suspicion that philosophy is nothing but one ideology among others to the demand that philosophy should engage in the struggles and conflicts of its time in order to prepare for a better future. The essay presents an assessment and problematization of these approaches and argues for a point of view that starts from philosophy’s precarious, ambivalent and contingent relation to its time and contemporaneity. Neither wholly independent of nor entirely subjected to its own time, philosophy can inhabit a shifting position from which critique and resistance are possible even if not ultimately guaranteed.

scholarly journals Przyszłość nauk humanistycznych w perspektywie metafilozoficznej

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cyprian Gawlik Cyprian Gawlik
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Context ◽  
History Of Philosophy ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Global Changes ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Potential Remedy

The purpose of this paper is to ponder upon the future of the humanities from a metaphilosophical perspective inspired by G.W.F. Hegel’s philosophy of the history of philosophy. The need for this reflection follows from the crisis that the humanities are facing today due to global changes in higher education, caused by the domination of the capitalist economy and the dramatic development of technology. The author assumes that the essence of the humanities is determined by the formation of self-understanding (Bildung) and proposes to consider this issue from a broader historical point of view and apart from the institutional context of human sciences, namely in the light of the history of philosophy, understood according to the Hegelian approach as the development of selfknowledge. The paper extensively discusses Hegel’s philosophy of the history of philosophy, as well as subsequent metaphilosophical positions inspired by Hegel’s thought (especially that of August Cieszkowski and Martin Heidegger). As a result, the question about the future of the humanities is transformed into a postulate of reflection on the primacy of technoscientific thinking in the modern world. In line with the Hegelian view of knowledge development – attributing autoperformative function to self-cognition – this kind of reflection is a potential remedy for the crisis currently diagnosed in the humanities.

scholarly journals Phythonyms in Turcology

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-599
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
Practical Life ◽  
General Linguistic ◽  
Mental Characteristics

Nowadays, phytonyms are gaining great importance in scientific linguistics, they are considered as an etymone reflecting the practical life of a person. The article proves that the names of plants preserve the cultural values of peoples, nations and ethnic groups, their history. At the same time, the names of plants occurring as an appellative in the composition of other Turkic languages, prove the definitions of names in the named language. Phytoonyms, as carriers of relics of the past culture of the Kyrgyz people, are of great importance in upbringing, the next generation in the future. Since these language units contain not only the mental characteristics of these peoples, but at the same time the typological forms of the expression of concepts in the Turkic languages are most clearly reflected. From this point of view, first of all, the author emphasizes the general linguistic meanings of phytoonyms in the formation of metaphors.

What Was It Like to Be a Cow?

2014 ◽  
pp. 257-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Fudge
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Animal Welfare Science ◽  
History Of ◽  
Animal Agency

This chapter outlines where the history of animals is now, and suggests where it and the historiographical issues raised by the inclusion of animals in a study of the past might go in the future. The chapter traces shifts in the idea that animals recorded in textual documentation are always and only human representations, looks at the potential for animals to be historical agents and at the questions of animal agency and the possibility of recovering an animal’s point of view in historical work using the findings of animal welfare science. It also engages with the nature of the documents available to historians of animals, and uses some contemporary theoretical work—particularly that of Vinciane Despret—to think about new ways of engaging with the intraspecific and interspecific encounters of animals and humans in history.

Alienism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
Scholarly Work ◽  
Moral Treatment ◽  
Moral Insanity ◽  
History Of ◽  
Benjamin Rush ◽  
Moral Management ◽  
Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries

This chapter uses the history of medicine and psychiatry to examine attitudes towards the creative or literary mind in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Accounting for existing scholarly work on subjects such as the nervous temperament and hysteria, the chapter draws from less familiar writing to demonstrate how trends in medical thinking and practice changed the connotations of madness in the period. These trends included the extension of the range of medical discourse; overlapping concepts of ‘partial insanity’ or ‘moral insanity’, which played a role in effecting this extension; and ‘moral management’ or ‘moral treatment’, which also created a wider interpenetration of medical and social or cultural values. Medical figures discussed include William Battie, William Perfect, Joseph Mason Cox, John Conolly, J. C. A. Heinroth, J. C. Reil, James Cowles Prichard, William Pargeter, Alexander Crichton, Thomas Arnold, Benjamin Rush, Pinel, Esquirol, the Tuke and Monro families, and Forbes Winslow.

Reforms of the German Criminal Code -Stock-taking and Perspectives - also from a Constitutional Point of View

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Krehl
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
The Future ◽  
Major Reform ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Challenges

Once a major reform has been concluded, one might easily be tempted to be just glad about what has been achieved and to think that nothing more needs to be done. However, experience in Germany as regards the amendment of criminal law and law of criminal procedure has shown that “after the reform” has, at the same time, always meant “before the reform.” The history of German criminal law is the history of a never-ending reform. The reform has not only consisted in making individual corrections to the existing positive law; time and again, developments in society have posed new challenges to criminal law, which, in the course of time, have resulted in profound changes in its structure. This means that even after a reform has been concluded, there must be willingness to further shape criminal law or, as the case may be, to protect it from changes that might be brought about by new influences. German criminal law, with its more than 130 years of history, and with its almost 180 more or less profound amendments of the law, bears eloquent witness to the profound changes that criminal law can experience, in spite of individual extensive reforms, admittedly in a time of historical upheavals. The present contribution provides an outline of the history of German criminal law through the present time and tries, on the basis of this outline, to develop a forecast of the influence to which criminal law will be exposed in the future.

The Chinese View of Their Place in the World: An Historical Perspective

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 67-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Cranmer-Byng
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Recent Theory ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Chinese View

The object of this article is to examine changing Chinese attitudes to their place in the world from a Chinese historical and intellectual perspective, in order to provide a basis for anticipating developments in the future attuned more to a Chinese than to a western point of view. The question immediately arises whether such a perspective is in any way relevant to the recent theory and practice of international relations in the People's Republic of China, and what insights, if any, such a perspective may provide for discussing the future. This is a controversial subject concerned with the nature of cultural change, and the extent to which " imprinting" from a long continuity of accepted social and cultural values can psychologically condition people even after a decisive break in that tradition appears to have occurred.

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