scholarly journals Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface assisted Two–Way Communications: Performance Analysis and Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Atapattu ◽  
Rongfei Fan ◽  
Prathapasinghe Dharmawansa ◽  
Gongpu Wang ◽  
JAMIE EVANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Rayleigh Fading ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Semidefinite Programming Problem

In this paper, we investigate the two-way communication between two users assisted by a re-configurable intelligent surface (RIS). The scheme that two users communicate simultaneously in the same time slot over Rayleigh fading channels is considered. The channels between the two users and RIS can either be reciprocal or non-reciprocal. For reciprocal channels, we determine the optimal phases at the RIS to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). We then derive exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability and spectral efficiency for single-element RIS. By capitalizing the insights obtained from the single-element analysis, we introduce a gamma approximation to model the product of Rayleigh random variables which is useful for the evaluation of the performance metrics in multiple-element RIS. Asymptotic analysis shows that the outage decreases at $\left(\log(\rho)/\rho\right)^L$ rate where $L$ is the number of elements, whereas the spectral efficiency increases at $\log(\rho)$ rate at large average SINR $\rho$. For non-reciprocal channels, the minimum user SINR is targeted to be maximized. For single-element RIS, closed-form solutions are derived whereas for multiple-element RIS the problem turns out to be non-convex. The latter is relaxed to be a semidefinite programming problem, whose optimal solution is achievable and serves as a sub-optimal solution.

scholarly journals Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface assisted Two–Way Communications: Performance Analysis and Optimization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saman Atapattu ◽  
Rongfei Fan ◽  
Prathapasinghe Dharmawansa ◽  
Gongpu Wang ◽  
JAMIE EVANS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Spectral Efficiency ◽  
Rayleigh Fading ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Single Element ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Closed Form Solutions ◽  
Semidefinite Programming Problem

In this paper, we investigate the two-way communication between two users assisted by a re-configurable intelligent surface (RIS). The scheme that two users communicate simultaneously in the same time slot over Rayleigh fading channels is considered. The channels between the two users and RIS can either be reciprocal or non-reciprocal. For reciprocal channels, we determine the optimal phases at the RIS to maximize the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). We then derive exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability and spectral efficiency for single-element RIS. By capitalizing the insights obtained from the single-element analysis, we introduce a gamma approximation to model the product of Rayleigh random variables which is useful for the evaluation of the performance metrics in multiple-element RIS. Asymptotic analysis shows that the outage decreases at $\left(\log(\rho)/\rho\right)^L$ rate where $L$ is the number of elements, whereas the spectral efficiency increases at $\log(\rho)$ rate at large average SINR $\rho$. For non-reciprocal channels, the minimum user SINR is targeted to be maximized. For single-element RIS, closed-form solutions are derived whereas for multiple-element RIS the problem turns out to be non-convex. The latter is relaxed to be a semidefinite programming problem, whose optimal solution is achievable and serves as a sub-optimal solution.

Validation of Nitinol SMA Characteristics Using Finite Element Analysis and Closed Form Solutions

2013 ◽  
Vol 856 ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
S.H. Adarsh ◽  
U.S. Mallikarjun
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Closed Form ◽  
Closed Form Solution ◽  
Form Solution ◽  
Fe Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Complex Behaviour ◽  
Closed Form Solutions

Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) are promising materials for actuation in space applications, because of the relatively large deformations and forces that they offer. However, their complex behaviour and interaction of several physical domains (electrical, thermal and mechanical), the study of SMA behaviour is a challenging field. Present work aims at correlating the Finite Element (FE) analysis of SMA with closed form solutions and experimental data. Though sufficient literature is available on closed form solution of SMA, not much detail is available on the Finite element Analysis. In the present work an attempt is made for characterization of SMA through solving the governing equations by established closed form solution, and finally correlating FE results with these data. Extensive experiments were conducted on 0.3mm diameter NiTinol SMA wire at various temperatures and stress conditions and these results were compared with FE analysis conducted using MSC.Marc. A comparison of results from finite element analysis with the experimental data exhibits fairly good agreement.

scholarly journals A Closed-Form Approximation to the Distribution for the Sum of Independent Non-identically Generalized Gamma Variates and Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44
Author(s):  
Toufik Chaayra ◽  
Hussain Ben-azza ◽  
Faissal El Bouanani
Keyword(s):  
Closed Form ◽  
Fading Channels ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Approximate Expression ◽  
Maximal Ratio Combining ◽  
Generalized Gamma ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Probability Density Function Pdf ◽  
Closed Form Approximation ◽  
Fox’S H Function

Evaluating the sum of independent and not necessarily identically distributed (i.n.i.d) random variables (RVs) is essential to study different variables linked to various scientific fields, particularly, in wireless communication channels. However, it is difficult to evaluate the distribution of this sum when the number of RVs increases. Consequently, the complex contour integral will be difficult to determine. Considering this issue, a more accurate approximation of the distribution function is required. By assuming the probability density function (PDF) of a generalized gamma (GG) RV evaluated in terms of a proper subset H1,0 1,1 class of Fox’s H-function (FHF) and the moment-based approximation to estimate the FHF parameters, a closed-form tight approximate expression for the distribution of the sum of i.n.i.d GG RVs and a sufficient condition for the convergence are investigated. The proposed approximate may be an analytical useful tool for analyzing the performance of certain numbers branch maximal-ratio combining receivers subject to GG fading channels. Hence, various closed-form performance metrics are derived and examined in terms of FHF. Numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the theoretical results.

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