scholarly journals Some Measures for COVID-19 Including Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (DUV-LED), Gc protein-derived Macrophage-Activating Factor (Gcmaf), and 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (5-ALA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Bando
Keyword(s):  
Influenza A ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Gc Protein

Several trials for the COVID-19 pandemic are found. Prof. Shunji Nakamura, Tokushima University was awarded the 2014 Nobel prize in Physics for light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Deep ultraviolet LED (DUV-LED) causes SARS-CoV-2 inactivation as 99.9% by 265 nm. Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF)-based immunotherapy has a wider application for serious infection, chronic fatigue syndrome, and cancers. Covid center in Naples submitted a phase II report concerning GcMAF and COVID-19 in Feb 2021. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) and its metabolite protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) show anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects for Zika, Dengue, influenza A viruses, and SARS-CoV-2. These results hopefully contribute to the research development for COVID-19.

scholarly journals 5-ALA Mediated Fluorescence Detection of Gastrointestinal Tumors

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Borisova ◽  
Borislav Vladimirov ◽  
Latchezar Avramov
Keyword(s):  
Light Guide ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Normal Mucosa ◽  
Effective Algorithm ◽  
Mechanical Device ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Dimensionless Ratio

Delta-aminolevulinic acid/protoporphyrin IX is applied for fluorescent tumor detection in the upper part of gastrointestinal tract. The 5-ALA is administered per os six hours before measurements at dose 20 mg/kg weight. High-power light-emitting diode at 405 nm is used as an excitation source. Special opto-mechanical device is built to use the light guide of standard video-endoscopic system. Through endoscopic instrumental channel a fiber is applied to return information about fluorescence to microspectrometer. In such way, 1D detection and 2D visualization of the lesions' fluorescence are received, and both advantages and limitations of these methodologies are discussed in relation to their clinical applicability. Comparison of the spectra received from normal mucosa, inflammatory, and tumor areas is applied to evaluate the feasibility for development of simple but effective algorithm based on dimensionless ratio of the fluorescence signals at 560 and 635 nm, for differentiation of normal/abnormal gastrointestinal tissues.

scholarly journals Rapid Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 Variants by Continuous and Intermittent Irradiation with a Deep-Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode (DUV-LED) Device

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 754
Author(s):  
Hiroko Inagaki ◽  
Akatsuki Saito ◽  
Chiho Kaneko ◽  
Hironobu Sugiyama ◽  
Tamaki Okabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Continuous Irradiation ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Antiviral Efficacy ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Intermittent Irradiation ◽  
Led Irradiation

More than 1 year has passed since social activities have been restricted due to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More recently, novel SARS-CoV-2 variants have been spreading around the world, and there is growing concern that they may have higher transmissibility and that the protective efficacy of vaccines may be weaker against them. Immediate measures are needed to reduce human exposure to the virus. In this study, the antiviral efficacy of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) irradiation (280 ± 5 nm, 3.75 mW/cm2) against three SARS-CoV-2 variants was evaluated. For the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 variant strains, irradiation of the virus stocks for 1 s resulted in infectious titer reduction rates of 96.3%, 94.6%, and 91.9%, respectively, and with irradiation for 5 s, the rates increased to 99.9%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively. We also tested the effect of pulsed DUV-LED irradiation (7.5 mW/cm2, duty rate: 50%, frequency: 1 kHz) under the same output conditions as for continuous irradiation and found that the antiviral efficacy of pulsed and continuous irradiation was the same. These findings suggest that by further developing and optimizing the DUV-LED device to increase its output, it may be possible to instantly inactivate SARS-CoV-2 with DUV-LED irradiation.

scholarly journals Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode Light Therapy for Fusobacterium nucleatum

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Soichiro Fukuda ◽  
Shunsuke Ito ◽  
Jun Nishikawa ◽  
Tatsuya Takagi ◽  
Naoto Kubota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Fusobacterium Nucleatum ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Bactericidal Effect ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Led Light ◽  
Pyrimidine Dimers ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet

Background: Fusobacterium nucleatum, which is associated with periodontitis and gingivitis, has been detected in colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods: We evaluated the bactericidal effect of deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diode (LED) light therapy on F. nucleatum both qualitatively and quantitatively. Two DUV-LEDs with peak wavelengths of 265 and 280-nm were used. DNA damage to F. nucleatum was evaluated by the production of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD) and pyrimidine (6–4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6–4PP). Results: DUV-LEDs showed a bactericidal effect on F. nucleatum. No colony growth was observed after 3 min of either 265 nm or 280 nm DUV-LED irradiation. The survival rates of F. nucleatum under 265 nm DUV-LED light irradiation dropped to 0.0014% for 10 s and to 0% for 20 s irradiation. Similarly, the survival rate of F. nucleatum under 280 nm DUV-LED light irradiation dropped to 0.00044% for 10 s and 0% for 20 s irradiation. The irradiance at the distance of 35 mm from the DUV-LED was 0.265 mW/cm2 for the 265 nm LED and 0.415 mW/cm2 for the 280 nm LED. Thus, the radiant energy for lethality was 5.3 mJ/cm2 for the 265 nm LED and 8.3 mJ/cm2 for the 280 nm LED. Amounts of CPD and 6–4PP in F. nucleatum irradiated with 265 nm DUV-LED light were 6.548 ng/µg and 1.333 ng/µg, respectively. Conclusions: DUV-LED light exerted a bactericidal effect on F. nucleatum by causing the formation of pyrimidine dimers indicative of DNA damage. Thus, DUV-LED light therapy may have the potential to prevent CRC.

scholarly journals Quantitative evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 inactivation using a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Minamikawa ◽  
Takaaki Koma ◽  
Akihiro Suzuki ◽  
Takahiko Mizuno ◽  
Kentaro Nagamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Critical Measure ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet

AbstractInactivation technology for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is certainly a critical measure to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) would be a promising candidate to inactivate SARS-CoV-2, based on the well-known antiviral effects of DUV on microorganisms and viruses. However, due to variations in the inactivation effects across different viruses, quantitative evaluations of the inactivation profile of SARS-CoV-2 by DUV-LED irradiation need to be performed. In the present study, we quantify the irradiation dose of DUV-LED necessary to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we determined the culture media suitable for the irradiation of SARS-CoV-2 and optimized the irradiation apparatus using commercially available DUV-LEDs that operate at a center wavelength of 265, 280, or 300 nm. Under these conditions, we successfully analyzed the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and the irradiation dose of the DUV-LEDs at each wavelength without irrelevant biological effects. In conclusion, total doses of 1.8 mJ/cm2 for 265 nm, 3.0 mJ/cm2 for 280 nm, and 23 mJ/cm2 for 300 nm are required to inactivate 99.9% of SARS-CoV-2. Our results provide quantitative antiviral effects of DUV irradiation on SARS-CoV-2, serving as basic knowledge of inactivation technologies against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a triple-LED surgical loupe device for fluorescence-guided resections with 5-ALA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Aminolevulinic Acid ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Malignant Gliomas ◽  
Protoporphyrin Ix ◽  
Emission Spectra ◽  
White Led ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Development And Validation

OBJECTIVE Fluorescence-guided resections performed using 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) have been studied extensively using the BLUE400 system. The authors introduce a triple–light-emitting diode (LED) headlight/loupe device for visualizing fluorescence, and compare this to the BLUE400 gold standard in order to assure similar and not more or less sensitive protoporphyrin-IX visualization. METHODS The authors defined the spectral requirements for a triple-LED headlight/loupe device for reproducing the xenon-based BLUE400 module. The system consisted of a white LED (normal surgery), a 409-nm LED for excitation, a 450-nm LED for background illumination, and appropriate observation filters. The prototype’s excitation and emission spectra, illumination and detection intensities, and spot homogeneity were determined. The authors further performed a prospectively randomized and blinded study for fluorescence assessments of fresh, marginal, fluorescing and nonfluorescing tumor samples comparing the LED/loupe device with BLUE400 in patients with malignant glioma treated with 20 mg/kg body weight 5-ALA. Tumor samples were immediately assessed in turn, both with a Kinevo and with a novel triple-LED/loupe device by different surgeons. RESULTS Seven triple-LED/loupe devices were analyzed. Illumination intensities in the 409- and 450-nm range were comparable to BLUE400, with high spot homogeneity. Fluorescence intensities measured distally to microscope oculars/loupes were 9.9-fold higher with the loupe device. For validation 26 patients with malignant gliomas with 240 biopsies were analyzed. With BLUE400 results as the reference, sensitivity for reproducing fluorescence findings was 100%, specificity was 95%, positive predictive value was 98%, negative predictive value was 100%, and accuracy was 95%. This study reached its primary aim, with agreement in 226 of 240 (94.2%, 95% CI 0.904–0.968). CONCLUSIONS The authors observed only minor differences regarding spectra and illumination intensities during evaluation. Fluorescence intensities available to surgeons were 9.9-fold higher with the loupe device. Importantly, the independent perception of fluorescence achieved using the new system and BLUE400 was statistically equivalent. The authors believe the triple-LED/loupe device to be a useful and safe option for surgeons who prefer loupes to the microscope for resections in appropriate patients.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 Inactivation Using a Deep Ultraviolet Light-Emitting Diode

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeo Minamikawa ◽  
Takaaki Koma ◽  
Akihiro Suzuki ◽  
Takahiko Mizuno ◽  
Kentaro Nagamatsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Antiviral Effects ◽  
Critical Measure ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet

Abstract Inactivation technology for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is certainly a critical measure to mitigate the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) would be a promising candidate to inactivate SARS-CoV-2, based on the well-known antiviral effects of DUV on microorganisms and viruses. However, due to variations in the inactivation effects across different viruses, quantitative evaluations of the inactivation profile of SARS-CoV-2 by DUV-LED irradiation need to be performed. In the present study, we quantify the irradiation dose of DUV-LED necessary to inactivate SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we determined the culture media suitable for the irradiation of SARS-CoV-2 and optimized the irradiation apparatus using commercially available DUV-LEDs that operate at a center wavelength of 265, 280, or 300 nm. Under these conditions, we successfully analyzed the relationship between SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and the irradiation dose of the DUV-LEDs at each wavelength without irrelevant biological effects. In conclusion, total doses of 1.8 mJ/cm2 for 265 nm, 3.0 mJ/cm2 for 280 nm, and 23 mJ/cm2 for 300 nm are required to inactivate 99.9% of SARS-CoV-2. Our results provide quantitative antiviral effects of DUV irradiation on SARS-CoV-2, serving as basic knowledge of inactivation technologies against SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 with Deep-UV LED irradiation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Inagaki ◽  
Akatsuki Saito ◽  
Hironobu Sugiyama ◽  
Tamaki Okabayashi ◽  
Shouichi Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Uv Led ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Contact Transmission ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
And Control ◽  
Led Irradiation

AbstractThe spread of novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections worldwide has raised concerns about the prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2. Devices that rapidly inactivate viruses can reduce the chance of infection through aerosols and contact transmission. This in vitro study demonstrated that irradiation with a deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) of 280 ±5 nm wavelength rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 obtained from a COVID-19 patient. Development of devices equipped with DUV-LED is expected to prevent virus invasion through the air and after touching contaminated objects.

Deep Ultraviolet Light Emitting Diode (LED)-Based Sensing of Sulfur Dioxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 996-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna P.M. Michel ◽  
Jason Kapit
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Gas Sensors ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Detection Scheme ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Balanced Detection

With the recent development of deep ultraviolet (DUV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) comes the possibility of targeting absorption bands of several gases, including sulfur dioxide (SO2). SO2 has strong absorption bands in the 300 nm spectral region. The low cost and small size of DUV LEDs, coupled with their spectral coverage, makes them viable sources for new gas sensors. Here, we demonstrate the capability to use absorption spectroscopy with a balanced detection scheme using a 300 nm DUV LED source for SO2 detection at concentrations ranging from less than 1 ppm to 50 ppm.

scholarly journals Rapid inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 variants by continuous and intermittent irradiation with a deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) device

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Inagaki ◽  
Akatsuki Saito ◽  
Chiho Kaneko ◽  
Hironobu Sugiyama ◽  
Tamaki Okabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Protective Efficacy ◽  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Continuous Irradiation ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Antiviral Efficacy ◽  
Duv Led ◽  
Deep Ultraviolet ◽  
Intermittent Irradiation ◽  
Led Irradiation

More than 1 year has passed since social activities have been restricted due to the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). More recently, novel SARS-CoV-2 variants have been spreading around the world, and there is growing concern of higher transmissibility of the variants and weaker protective efficacy of vaccine against the variants. Immediate measures are needed to reduce human exposure to the virus. In this study, the antiviral efficacy of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV-LED) irradiation (280 ± 5 nm, 3.75 mW/cm2) against three SARS-CoV-2 variants was evaluated. For the B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1 strains, the infectious titer reduction rates of 96.3%, 94.6%, and 91.9%, respectively, were already recognized with the irradiation of virus stocks for 1 s, and the rates increased to 99.9%, 99.9%, and 99.8%, respectively, with irradiation for 5 s. We also tested the effect of pulsed DUV-LED irradiation (7.5 mW/cm2, duty rate: 50%, frequency: 1 KHz) under the same output conditions as continuous irradiation, and found that the antiviral efficacy of pulsed and continuous irradiation was the same. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may be instantly inactivated by DUV-LED irradiation if the DUV-LED device is further developed and optimized to increase its output.

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