scholarly journals Information avoidance

2022 ◽  
pp. 183-227
Author(s):  
راسل جولمان ◽  
ديفيد هاجمان ◽  
جورج لوينشتاين ◽  
محمود شريف زكريا
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Experimental Literature ◽  
Information Avoidance

Information is normally considered as a mean to a desired end. However, a growing theoretical and experimental literature suggested that information may directly enter the agent’s utility function. This can create an incentive to avoid information, even when it is useful, free, and independent of strategic considerations. In this study, the researchers have reviewed information avoidance, as well as theoretical and empirical researches that discussed the reasons why people avoid information, depending on the economical researches, psychological researches, and other disciplines. The study also discussed some of the diverse (and often costly) individual and societal consequences of information avoidance.

scholarly journals Information Avoidance

2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell Golman ◽  
David Hagmann ◽  
George Loewenstein
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Experimental Literature ◽  
Information Avoidance

We commonly think of information as a means to an end. However, a growing theoretical and experimental literature suggests that information may directly enter the agent's utility function. This can create an incentive to avoid information, even when it is useful, free, and independent of strategic considerations. We review research documenting the occurrence of information avoidance, as well as theoretical and empirical research on reasons why people avoid information, drawing from economics, psychology, and other disciplines. The review concludes with a discussion of some of the diverse (and often costly) individual and societal consequences of information avoidance. (JEL D82, D83)

Toward a Comprehensive Treatment of Tautomerism in Chemoinformatics Including in InChI V2

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra K. Dhaked ◽  
Wolf Ihlenfeldt ◽  
Hitesh Patel ◽  
Marc Nicklaus
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecule ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Experimental Literature ◽  
Web Tool ◽  
Valence Tautomerism ◽  
Standard Version ◽  
Small Molecule Databases

<p>We have collected 86 different transforms of tautomeric interconversions. Out of those, 54 are for prototropic (non-ring-chain) tautomerism; 21 for ring-chain tautomerism; and 11 for valence tautomerism. The majority of these rules have been extracted from experimental literature. Twenty rules – covering the most well-known types of tautomerism such as keto-enol tautomerism – were taken from the default handling of tautomerism by the chemoinformatics toolkit CACTVS. The rules were analyzed against nine differerent databases totaling over 400 million (non-unique) structures as to their occurrence rates, mutual overlap in coverage, and recapitulation of the rules’ enumerated tautomer sets by InChI V.1.05, both in InChI’s Standard and a Non-Standard version with the increased tautomer-handling options 15T and KET turned on. These results and the background of this study are discussed in the context of the IUPAC InChI Project tasked with the redesign of handling of tautomerism for an InChI version 2. Applying the rules presented in this paper would approximately triple the number of compounds in typical small-molecule databases that would be affected by tautomeric interconversion by InChI V2. A web tool has been created to test these rules at https://cactus.nci.nih.gov/tautomerizer.</p>

Analisa Pemilihan Moda Transportasi Umum Rute Tanjung Karang – Bandara Radin Inten II Dengan Stated Preference dan Uji Crame’s V

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abi Berkah Nadi
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Utility Function ◽  
Stated Preference ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Time Headway ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Selection Of

Radin Inten II Airport is a national flight in Lampung Province. In this study using the technical analysis stated preference which is the approach by conveying the choice statement in the form of hypotheses to be assessed by the respondent. By using these techniques the researcher can fully control the hypothesized factors. To determine utility function for model forecasting in fulfilling request of traveler is used regression analysis with SPSS program. The analysis results obtained that the passengers of the dominant airport in the selection of modes of cost attributes than on other attributes. From the result of regression analysis, the influence of independent variable to the highest dependent variable is when the five attributes are used together with the R square value of 8.8%. The relationship between cost, time, headway, time acces and service with the selection of modes, the provision that states whether or not there is a decision. The significance of α = 0.05 with chi-square. And the result of Crame's V test average of 0.298 is around the middle, then the relationship is moderate enough.

scholarly journals On the Microfoundation of Linear Oligopoly Demand

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwan Bos ◽  
Dries Vermeulen
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Aggregate Demand ◽  
Demand System ◽  
Representative Consumer ◽  
Aggregate Utility

AbstractWe critically assess the representative consumer with quadratic aggregate utility function which forms the foundation of a well-known class of linear oligopoly demand structures. It is argued that this approach is problematic and redundant. Regarding the latter, we show how the same demand system can be derived directly from a population of heterogeneous buyers for any number of products. Welfare analyses based on aggregate demand is shown to be sensitive to the underlying microfoundation.

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