experimental literature
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Author(s):  
راسل جولمان ◽  
ديفيد هاجمان ◽  
جورج لوينشتاين ◽  
محمود شريف زكريا

Information is normally considered as a mean to a desired end. However, a growing theoretical and experimental literature suggested that information may directly enter the agent’s utility function. This can create an incentive to avoid information, even when it is useful, free, and independent of strategic considerations. In this study, the researchers have reviewed information avoidance, as well as theoretical and empirical researches that discussed the reasons why people avoid information, depending on the economical researches, psychological researches, and other disciplines. The study also discussed some of the diverse (and often costly) individual and societal consequences of information avoidance.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruben van de Vijver ◽  
Emmanuel Uwambayinema

What are the cognitive units in the mental lexicon of Bantu speakers, words or morphemes? The very small experimental literature addressing this question suggests that the answer is morphemes, but a closer look at the results shows that this is answer is premature. A novel theory of the mental lexicon, the Discriminative Lexicon, which incorporates a word-based view of the mental lexicon and is computational implemented in the Linear Discriminative Learner (LDL), is put to the test with a data set of 11180 Kinyarwanda nouns. LDL is used to model comprehension and production of the nouns in the data set. LDL predicts comprehension and production of nouns with great accuracy. We conclude that the cognitive units in the mental lexicon of Kinyarwanda speakers are words.


2021 ◽  
pp. 189-197
Author(s):  
Jarosław Poliszczuk

The present study is dedicated to the contemporary research of the experimental literature, which was recognized as outstanding phenomena and as the form of artistic transgression during last time. The reason for reflection on this topic was the publication of the author’s monograph by Oksana Kovatska Experimental Sails of Ukrainian Prose of the 1920s (Kyiv 2020). The researcher appreciates the element of experiment in the Ukrainian post-revolutionary literature, and highly appreciates the innovative search of the young generation of contemporary writers. In particular, she focuses on three figures of literary experimentation, considering them in the context of the works of Viktor Petrov (Domontovych), Arkadii Liubchenko and Mike Johansen. Oksana Kovatska’s monograph is published as a pioneering work in the dimension of the problem presented here.


Transilvania ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 144-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vlad Pojoga

This study has a two-fold structure, in its first part exploring various models of experimental literature, proposed by researchers such as Gerald Prince and Warren Motte, as well as theoretical attempts to define and analyze experimental literature in Romania. The second part focuses on the quantitative analysis of keywords related to “the experimental” found in literary histories of Romanian literature authored by E. Lovinescu, G. Călinescu, Nicolae Manolescu, and Mihai Iovănel, as well as The General Dictionary of Romanian Literature and The Chronological Dictionary of the Romanian Novel. By simply searching several pointedly chosen terms in the corpus, a cartography of what is considered to be experimental emerges clearly, alongside its relation to the canon, to the dynamics of literary genres, and to the temporal evolution of Romanian literature.


Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1984
Author(s):  
Monika Parcheta ◽  
Renata Świsłocka ◽  
Sylwia Orzechowska ◽  
Monika Akimowicz ◽  
Renata Choińska ◽  
...  

Since the last few years, the growing interest in the use of natural and synthetic antioxidants as functional food ingredients and dietary supplements, is observed. The imbalance between the number of antioxidants and free radicals is the cause of oxidative damages of proteins, lipids, and DNA. The aim of the study was the review of recent developments in antioxidants. One of the crucial issues in food technology, medicine, and biotechnology is the excess free radicals reduction to obtain healthy food. The major problem is receiving more effective antioxidants. The study aimed to analyze the properties of efficient antioxidants and a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of antioxidant processes. Our researches and sparing literature data prove that the ligand antioxidant properties complexed by selected metals may significantly affect the free radical neutralization. According to our preliminary observation, this efficiency is improved mainly by the metals of high ion potential, e.g., Fe(III), Cr(III), Ln(III), Y(III). The complexes of delocalized electronic charge are better antioxidants. Experimental literature results of antioxidant assays, such as diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing activity power assay (FRAP), were compared to thermodynamic parameters obtained with computational methods. The mechanisms of free radicals creation were described based on the experimental literature data. Changes in HOMO energy distribution in phenolic acids with an increasing number of hydroxyl groups were observed. The antioxidant properties of flavonoids are strongly dependent on the hydroxyl group position and the catechol moiety. The number of methoxy groups in the phenolic acid molecules influences antioxidant activity. The use of synchrotron techniques in the antioxidants electronic structure analysis was proposed.


Author(s):  
Corina Haita-Falah

AbstractThe experimental literature suggests that contributions to a public good made dynamically, over multiple stages are higher than contributions made in a static setting, even when players do not receive feedback about co-players’ previous contributions between stages. Because the dynamic setting without feedback is strategically equivalent to the static one, this finding is puzzling. One important difference between the two settings, however, is that the dynamic setting gives the opportunity to sink contributions while in the static one this opportunity does not exist. I test whether the sunk character of the dynamic contributions explains the higher contributions in the dynamic setting. Symmetric players contribute in two stages to a threshold public good and receive feedback after each stage. The experimental treatment differ in whether the first-stage contributions are sunk or not when deciding on the second-stage contributions. The results show that making the first-stage contributions sunk increases the second-stage individual contributions, and this is more so the case at higher levels of the first-stage contributions. This suggests that the sunk contributions do, at least partially, explain the better performance of the dynamic setting.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selma Souihel ◽  
Bruno Cessac

AbstractWe analyse the potential effects of lateral connectivity (amacrine cells and gap junctions) on motion anticipation in the retina. Our main result is that lateral connectivity can—under conditions analysed in the paper—trigger a wave of activity enhancing the anticipation mechanism provided by local gain control (Berry et al. in Nature 398(6725):334–338, 1999; Chen et al. in J. Neurosci. 33(1):120–132, 2013). We illustrate these predictions by two examples studied in the experimental literature: differential motion sensitive cells (Baccus and Meister in Neuron 36(5):909–919, 2002) and direction sensitive cells where direction sensitivity is inherited from asymmetry in gap junctions connectivity (Trenholm et al. in Nat. Neurosci. 16:154–156, 2013). We finally present reconstructions of retinal responses to 2D visual inputs to assess the ability of our model to anticipate motion in the case of three different 2D stimuli.


2021 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred L. Bookstein

Abstract The book under review tries to link the economic concept of “reward,” or, more accurately, “capture rate,” to the experimental literature of various neuroscientific quantities dealing with motor control. But this reviewer argues that such a linkage requires a richer language of quantification than the book actually affords: a language not just of “greater” or “less,” but of how much greater or less. Without such a methodology, the arguments here cannot be persuasive.


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