scholarly journals Ramsey Numbers of Ordered Graphs

10.37236/7816 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Balko ◽  
Josef Cibulka ◽  
Karel Král ◽  
Jan Kynčl
Keyword(s):  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Complete Graph ◽  
Positive Answer ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Ordered Graphs ◽  
Constant Interval ◽  
Monochromatic Copy ◽  
Special Classes

An ordered graph is a pair $\mathcal{G}=(G,\prec)$ where $G$ is a graph and $\prec$ is a total ordering of its vertices. The ordered Ramsey number $\overline{R}(\mathcal{G})$ is the minimum number $N$ such that every ordered complete graph with $N$ vertices and with edges colored by two colors contains a monochromatic copy of $\mathcal{G}$. In contrast with the case of unordered graphs, we show that there are arbitrarily large ordered matchings $\mathcal{M}_n$ on $n$ vertices for which $\overline{R}(\mathcal{M}_n)$ is superpolynomial in $n$. This implies that ordered Ramsey numbers of the same graph can grow superpolynomially in the size of the graph in one ordering and remain linear in another ordering. We also prove that the ordered Ramsey number $\overline{R}(\mathcal{G})$ is polynomial in the number of vertices of $\mathcal{G}$ if the bandwidth of $\mathcal{G}$ is constant or if $\mathcal{G}$ is an ordered graph of constant degeneracy and constant interval chromatic number. The first result gives a positive answer to a question of Conlon, Fox, Lee, and Sudakov. For a few special classes of ordered paths, stars or matchings, we give asymptotically tight bounds on their ordered Ramsey numbers. For so-called monotone cycles we compute their ordered Ramsey numbers exactly. This result implies exact formulas for geometric Ramsey numbers of cycles introduced by Károlyi, Pach, Tóth, and Valtr.

scholarly journals Off-Diagonal Ordered Ramsey Numbers of Matchings

10.37236/8085 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhruv Rohatgi
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Edge Coloring ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Relative Order ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Asymptotic Bounds ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Ordered Graphs

For ordered graphs $G$ and $H$, the ordered Ramsey number $r_<(G,H)$ is the smallest $n$ such that every red/blue edge coloring of the complete ordered graph on vertices $\{1,\dots,n\}$ contains either a blue copy of $G$ or a red copy of $H$, where the embedding must preserve the relative order of vertices. One number of interest, first studied by Conlon, Fox, Lee, and Sudakov, is the off-diagonal ordered Ramsey number $r_<(M, K_3)$, where $M$ is an ordered matching on $n$ vertices. In particular, Conlon et al. asked what asymptotic bounds (in $n$) can be obtained for $\max r_<(M, K_3)$, where the maximum is over all ordered matchings $M$ on $n$ vertices. The best-known upper bound is $O(n^2/\log n)$, whereas the best-known lower bound is $\Omega((n/\log n)^{4/3})$, and Conlon et al. hypothesize that there is some fixed $\epsilon > 0$ such that $r_<(M, K_3) = O(n^{2-\epsilon})$ for every ordered matching $M$. We resolve two special cases of this conjecture. We show that the off-diagonal ordered Ramsey numbers for ordered matchings in which edges do not cross are nearly linear. We also prove a truly sub-quadratic upper bound for random ordered matchings with interval chromatic number $2$.

scholarly journals On Some Ramsey and Turán-Type Numbers for Paths and Cycles

10.37236/1081 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzido ◽  
Marek Kubale ◽  
Konrad Piwakowski
Keyword(s):  
Complete Graph ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Multicolor Ramsey Number ◽  
Monochromatic Copy

For given graphs $G_{1}, G_{2}, ... , G_{k}$, where $k \geq 2$, the multicolor Ramsey number $R(G_{1}, G_{2}, ... , G_{k})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph on $n$ vertices with $k$ colors, there is always a monochromatic copy of $G_{i}$ colored with $i$, for some $1 \leq i \leq k$. Let $P_k$ (resp. $C_k$) be the path (resp. cycle) on $k$ vertices. In the paper we show that $R(P_3,C_k,C_k)=R(C_k,C_k)=2k-1$ for odd $k$. In addition, we provide the exact values for Ramsey numbers $R(P_{4}, P_{4}, C_{k})=k+2$ and $R(P_{3}, P_{5}, C_{k})=k+1$.

scholarly journals Three Color Ramsey Numbers for Graphs with at most 4 Vertices

10.37236/2160 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Boza ◽  
Janusz Dybizbański ◽  
Tomasz Dzido
Keyword(s):  
Complete Graph ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Free Graph ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Monochromatic Copy

For given graphs $H_{1}, H_{2}, H_{3}$, the 3-color Ramsey number $R(H_{1},$ $H_{2}, H_{3})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph of order $n$ with $3$ colors, then it always contains a monochromatic copy of $H_{i}$ colored with $i$, for some $1 \leq i \leq 3$.We study the bounds on 3-color Ramsey numbers $R(H_1,H_2,H_3)$, where $H_i$ is an isolate-free graph different from $K_2$ with at most four vertices, establishing that $R(P_4,C_4,K_4)=14$, $R(C_4,K_3,K_4-e)=17$, $R(C_4,K_3+e,K_4-e)=17$, $R(C_4,K_4-e,K_4-e)=19$, $28\le R(C_4,K_4-e,K_4)\le36$, $R(K_3,K_4-e,K_4)\le41$, $R(K_4-e,K_4-e,K_4)\le59$ and $R(K_4-e,K_4,K_4)\le113$. Also, we prove that $R(K_3+e,K_4-e,K_4-e)=R(K_3,K_4-e,K_4-e)$, $R(C_4,K_3+e,K_4)\le\max\{R(C_4,K_3,K_4),29\}\le32$, $R(K_3+e,K_4-e,K_4)\le\max\{R(K_3,K_4-e,K_4),33\}\le41$ and $R(K_3+e,K_4,K_4)\le\max\{R(K_3,K_4,K_4),2R(K_3,K_3,K_4)+2\}\le79$.This paper is an extension of the article by Arste, Klamroth, Mengersen [Utilitas Mathematica, 1996].

scholarly journals On-line Ramsey numbers for paths and stars

2008 ◽  
Vol Vol. 10 no. 3 (Graph and Algorithms) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Grytczuk ◽  
H. A. Kierstead ◽  
P. Prałat
Keyword(s):  
Upper Bound ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
International Audience ◽  
On Line ◽  
Monochromatic Copy

Graphs and Algorithms International audience We study on-line version of size-Ramsey numbers of graphs defined via a game played between Builder and Painter: in one round Builder joins two vertices by an edge and Painter paints it red or blue. The goal of Builder is to force Painter to create a monochromatic copy of a fixed graph H in as few rounds as possible. The minimum number of rounds (assuming both players play perfectly) is the on-line Ramsey number r(H) of the graph H. We determine exact values of r(H) for a few short paths and obtain a general upper bound r(Pn) ≤ 4n −7. We also study asymmetric version of this parameter when one of the target graphs is a star Sn with n edges. We prove that r(Sn, H) ≤ n*e(H) when H is any tree, cycle or clique

On Ramsey Numbers of Sparse Graphs

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 627-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kostochka ◽  
B Sudakov
Keyword(s):  
Complete Graph ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Sparse Graphs ◽  
Minimum Integer ◽  
Image Position ◽  
Monochromatic Copy

The Ramsey number, , of a graph G is the minimum integer N such that, in every 2-colouring of the edges of the complete graph on N vertices, there is a monochromatic copy of G. In 1975, Burr and Erdős posed a problem on Ramsey numbers of d-degenerate graphs, i.e., graphs in which every subgraph has a vertex of degree at most d. They conjectured that for every d there exists a constant c(d) such that for any d-degenerate graph G of order n.In this paper we prove that for each such G. In fact, we show that, for every , sufficiently large n, and any graph H of order , either H or its complement contains a (d,n)-common graph, that is, a graph in which every set of d vertices has at least n common neighbours. It is easy to see that any (d,n)-common graph contains every d-degenerate graph G of order n. We further show that, for every constant C, there is an n and a graph H of order such that neither H nor its complement contains a -common graph.

scholarly journals New Lower Bound for Multicolor Ramsey Numbers for Even Cycles

10.37236/1980 ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzido ◽  
Andrzej Nowik ◽  
Piotr Szuca
Keyword(s):  
Lower Bound ◽  
Complete Graph ◽  
Finite Family ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Multicolor Ramsey Number ◽  
Monochromatic Copy

For given finite family of graphs $G_{1}, G_{2}, \ldots , G_{k}, k \geq 2$, the multicolor Ramsey number $R(G_{1}, G_{2}, \ldots , G_{k})$ is the smallest integer $n$ such that if we arbitrarily color the edges of the complete graph on $n$ vertices with $k$ colors then there is always a monochromatic copy of $G_{i}$ colored with $i$, for some $1 \leq i \leq k$. We give a lower bound for $k-$color Ramsey number $R(C_{m}, C_{m}, \ldots , C_{m})$, where $m \geq 4$ is even and $C_{m}$ is the cycle on $m$ vertices.

scholarly journals A Note on On-Line Ramsey Numbers for Some Paths

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Tomasz Dzido ◽  
Renata Zakrzewska
Keyword(s):  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
On Line ◽  
Infinite Set ◽  
Do So

We consider the important generalisation of Ramsey numbers, namely on-line Ramsey numbers. It is easiest to understand them by considering a game between two players, a Builder and Painter, on an infinite set of vertices. In each round, the Builder joins two non-adjacent vertices with an edge, and the Painter colors the edge red or blue. An on-line Ramsey number r˜(G,H) is the minimum number of rounds it takes the Builder to force the Painter to create a red copy of graph G or a blue copy of graph H, assuming that both the Builder and Painter play perfectly. The Painter’s goal is to resist to do so for as long as possible. In this paper, we consider the case where G is a path P4 and H is a path P10 or P11.

scholarly journals Ramsey Numbers for Theta Graphs

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. M. M. Jaradat ◽  
M. S. A. Bataineh ◽  
S. M. E. Radaideh
Keyword(s):  
Complete Graph ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Subgraph Isomorphic

The graph Ramsey number is the smallest integer with the property that any complete graph of at least vertices whose edges are colored with two colors (say, red and blue) contains either a subgraph isomorphic to all of whose edges are red or a subgraph isomorphic to all of whose edges are blue. In this paper, we consider the Ramsey numbers for theta graphs. We determine , for . More specifically, we establish that for . Furthermore, we determine for . In fact, we establish that if is even, if is odd.

scholarly journals The Size, Multipartite Ramsey Numbers for nK2 Versus Path–Path and Cycle

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Yaser Rowshan ◽  
Mostafa Gholami ◽  
Stanford Shateyi
Keyword(s):  
Positive Integer ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Complete Multipartite Graph ◽  
Ramsey Numbers ◽  
Multipartite Graph ◽  
Complete Multipartite ◽  
Monochromatic Copy

For given graphs G1,G2,…,Gn and any integer j, the size of the multipartite Ramsey number mj(G1,G2,…,Gn) is the smallest positive integer t such that any n-coloring of the edges of Kj×t contains a monochromatic copy of Gi in color i for some i, 1≤i≤n, where Kj×t denotes the complete multipartite graph having j classes with t vertices per each class. In this paper, we computed the size of the multipartite Ramsey numbers mj(K1,2,P4,nK2) for any j,n≥2 and mj(nK2,C7), for any j≤4 and n≥2.

scholarly journals Minimum Clique Number, Chromatic Number, and Ramsey Numbers

10.37236/2125 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaku Liu
Keyword(s):  
Chromatic Number ◽  
Asymptotic Properties ◽  
Inverse Function ◽  
Clique Number ◽  
Ramsey Number ◽  
Growth Order ◽  
Ramsey Numbers

Let $Q(n,c)$ denote the minimum clique number over graphs with $n$ vertices and chromatic number $c$. We investigate the asymptotics of $Q(n,c)$ when $n/c$ is held constant. We show that when $n/c$ is an integer $\alpha$, $Q(n,c)$ has the same growth order as the inverse function of the Ramsey number $R(\alpha+1,t)$ (as a function of $t$). Furthermore, we show that if certain asymptotic properties of the Ramsey numbers hold, then $Q(n,c)$ is in fact asymptotically equivalent to the aforementioned inverse function. We use this fact to deduce that $Q(n,\lceil n/3 \rceil)$ is asymptotically equivalent to the inverse function of $R(4,t)$.

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