Research and application of reliability-based cost optimization method for constant interval preventive maintenance

Preventive maintenance is a means to ensure the component is kept in the desired state. Lack of preventive maintenance will cause unexpected consequences for the component, and too much preventive maintenance will result in unnecessary investment of resources. Based on the reliability data of the component, this paper establishes an analysis model to determine the optimal preventive maintenance interval of the component to make the cost of preventive and corrective maintenance lowest.

Ramsey Numbers of Ordered Graphs

An ordered graph is a pair $\mathcal{G}=(G,\prec)$ where $G$ is a graph and $\prec$ is a total ordering of its vertices. The ordered Ramsey number $\overline{R}(\mathcal{G})$ is the minimum number $N$ such that every ordered complete graph with $N$ vertices and with edges colored by two colors contains a monochromatic copy of $\mathcal{G}$. In contrast with the case of unordered graphs, we show that there are arbitrarily large ordered matchings $\mathcal{M}_n$ on $n$ vertices for which $\overline{R}(\mathcal{M}_n)$ is superpolynomial in $n$. This implies that ordered Ramsey numbers of the same graph can grow superpolynomially in the size of the graph in one ordering and remain linear in another ordering. We also prove that the ordered Ramsey number $\overline{R}(\mathcal{G})$ is polynomial in the number of vertices of $\mathcal{G}$ if the bandwidth of $\mathcal{G}$ is constant or if $\mathcal{G}$ is an ordered graph of constant degeneracy and constant interval chromatic number. The first result gives a positive answer to a question of Conlon, Fox, Lee, and Sudakov. For a few special classes of ordered paths, stars or matchings, we give asymptotically tight bounds on their ordered Ramsey numbers. For so-called monotone cycles we compute their ordered Ramsey numbers exactly. This result implies exact formulas for geometric Ramsey numbers of cycles introduced by Károlyi, Pach, Tóth, and Valtr.

Methods for aligning near-continuous railway track inspection data

Railroads have long used track inspection vehicles that capture data on a defined interval as the vehicle travels longitudinally down the track. These data can be captured on a constant interval, near-constant interval, or temporally. The data are normally evaluated in real time against exception thresholds, which define locations of safety or maintenance concern. In addition, railways evaluate multiple inspection runs of the same track over time to determine the rates of degradation. Since most inspection vehicles rely on the operator input of location events (mile posts, signals, switches, etc.) and tachometer-based distance measurement, the resulting inspection data are often longitudinally misaligned, on occasion by as much as several hundred feet. This paper presents an application of classical and advanced time-series methods for aligning data longitudinally. It also presents a novel methodology for aligning data with a nonconstant sampling interval, utilizing a combination of classical techniques.

Dynamic Response of Multi-bay Frames Subjected to Successive Moving Forces

This paper investigates the dynamic responses of multi-bay frames with identical bay lengths subjected to a transverse single moving load and successive moving loads with a constant interval at a constant speed. The effects of the bay length and the speed of the moving load on the response of the multi-bay frame subjected to a single point load are investigated numerically by the finite element method. A computer code is developed by using MATLAB to perform the finite element analysis. The Newmark method is employed to solve for the dynamic responses of the multi-bay frame. With this, the dynamic response of the frame subjected to successive moving loads with a constant interval is investigated. Also, the resonance and cancellation speeds are determined by using the 3D relationship of speed parameter-force span length to beam length ratio-dynamic magnification factor and the associated contour lines. The maximum impact factor of a 1-bay frame and multi-bay frames under single moving load are determined at the specific speed parameters. Those values are independent of elastic modulus, area moment of inertia, beam/column lengths of the frame and also the number of bays forming the frame. It is also found that the first resonance response in the vertical direction of the frame is related to the second mode of vibration.

Klasik Türk Mûsikîsinin Temel Sazlarından Neyde Basit Göçürme (Şed) Teknikleri / Simple Transposition Techniques in the Nay, Which is Among the Basic Instruments of Classical Turkish Music

<p><strong>Abstract </strong></p><p>Nay (red flute), the instrument of music, is one of the main instruments of Turkish classical music and especially religious music for centuries. In this article, we will provide information about history and shape of nay and some simple techniques regarding transposing. In terms of execution, this advanced technique is important to use the instrument effectively by moving a collection of notes up or down in pitch by a constant interval. Thus we explained a few of Turkish music modes for convenience. By transposing some music notes, this study helps for music students and nay players. The article provides some examples of transposed works in its appendix as well.</p><p><strong>Öz </strong></p><p>Ney sazı, yüzyıllardır klasik Türk mûsikîsinin ve özellikle Türk din mûsikîsinin en temel çalgılarından birisi olmuştur. Bu makalede ney sazının tarihi ve yapısı hakkında bazı kısa bilgiler verilip icra açısından basit göçürme tekniklerine dair örnekler incelenmiştir. Şed veya göçürme de denilen bu teknik hemen her sazda icrada ileri seviyeye geçme ve sazı yenme açısından önem arz eder. Bu sebeple çalışmamızda, Türk mûsikîsi makamlarından birkaç tanesini başka perdelere göçürerek sazendelere kolaylık sağlamayı amaçladık. Örnek diziler ve ek bölümde verilen eserler kız neyde icra edildiğinde bolahenk nısfiye, mansur neyde icra edildiğinde ise süpürde akordu elde edilecektir.</p>

HUBUNGAN POLA ASUH DAN EKSPRESI EMOSI KELUARGA DENGAN KEKAMBUHAN PASIEN SKIZOFRENIA DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA MENUR SURABAYA

Schizophrenia is classified in severe mental disorders so that the possibility to recover from it is fairly minimal. Based on a study, 80% of schizophrenic patients experienced a relapse from schizophrenia and only about 20% of patients declared recovered on pre-morbid level (Arif, 2006). Many cases of relapse occurred when the patient returned to their family. Some studies suggest that the factor of interaction patterns within the family, such as parenting and emotional expression among the members of family, leads the patients to relapse. This study aims to determine the correlation between parenting and family emotional expression to the relapse of schizophrenic patients of Menur Mental Hospital, Surabaya. This study used a quantitative approach with a correlation method. The samples were 65 families of patients with schizophrenia who were treated at the Menur Mental Hospital, taken by purposive sampling technique. 35 samples are famillies of hospitalized patients and 30 samples are famillies of outpatient. Data analysed using binary logistic. The correlation between the variables measured using significant value of p <0.05 and the Odds Ratio (OR) with 95% Constant Interval (CI). The results shows a significant value of constant is 0.002, a significant value of parenting is 0.001 and significant value of family emotional expression is 0.002. It means that there is a correlation between parenting and family emotional expression with relapse of schizophrenic patients. Family emotional expression was proven as the most variable responsible for the emergence of relapse which affect 16.9 times greater chance of relapse than other variable contribution.Abstrak: Skizofrenia digolongkan dalam gangguan mental berat, sehingga kemungkinan untuk sembuh terbilang kecil. Berdasarkan hasil sebuiah penelitian, sebanyak 80% pasien skizofrenia mengalami kekambuhan berulang dan hanya sekitar 20% pasien dinyatakan pulih pada tingkat premorbid (Arif, 2006). Banyak kasus kekambuhan terjadi ketika pasien dikembalikan kepada keluarga. Beberapa penelitian menyebutkan bahwa faktor pola interaksi didalam keluarga menyebabkan kekambuhan, seperti pola asuh dan ekspresi emosi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pola asuh dan ekspresi emosi keluarga dengan kekambuhan pasien di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode korelasional. Sampel adalah 65 keluarga dari pasien skizofrenia yang dirawat di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur, diambil dengan teknik purposive sampling. Sebanyak 35 sampel merupakan keluarga dari pasien rawat inap dan 30 sampel merupakan keluarga dari pasien rawat jalan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Menur Surabaya. Analisis data menggunakan uji regresi logistik biner. Adanya hubungan antara variabel diukur dengan menggunakan nilai signifikan p<0,05 dan Odds Ratio (OR) dengan interval kepercayaan (CI) 95%. Hasil penelitian diperoleh nilai signifikan konstanta sebesar 0,002, nilai signifikan pola asuh sebesar 0,001 dan nilai signifikan ekspresi emosi keluarga sebesar 0,002. Hal tersebut berarti bahwa ada hubungan pola asuh dan ekspresi emosi keluarga dengan kekambuhan pasien skizofrenia. Ekspresi emosi keluarga merupakan variabel yang paling berperan terhadap munculnya kekambuhan karena memiliki peluang 16,9 kali lebih besar memunculkan kekambuhan dibandingkan dengan variabel yang lain.

Time and time again: Temporal influences of repeated stimuli

Temporal perception does not always correspond to objective time. Several factors contribute to distort perceived timing of stimuli. This work investigates the effect of repeated stimulus presentation (either a sound or a light) on perceived timing of a subsequent audiovisual pair. At the beginning of each trial, a series of sounds or lights is presented with a constant interval. One final stimulus is presented either rhythmically or with a temporal shift. In a psychophysical task, participants judged whether the last stimulus in the sequence is presented before or after a temporal probe in the other modality. Results indicate two types of effects. First, the last stimulus of the sequence appears to be delayed with respect to the probe in the other modality. Second, deviations from regular rhythm tend to be perceptually compensated. Overall, perceived stimulus timing is shown to be affected by the temporal context, and the effect is consistent with a change in perceptual latency. The change depends on the modality of the repeated stimulus and can be explained as a combined effect of an temporal adaptation (i.e., slowing down perception) plus a temporal expectation acting on the slightly arrhythmic stimuli.