EXTRACTION OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS FROM MALABAR SPINACH FRUITS AS A POTENTIAL PHOTOSENSITIZER FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL

The implementation of synthetic dyes gives a better efficiency with higher durability; however, the production process of synthesizing these dyes is more complex, expensive, and involves the use of toxic materials. For these reasons, the production of such dyes can pose harm not only to humans but also to the environment. An alternative for the synthetic dyes is the natural dyes or pigment extracted from plants such as anthocyanin, carotenoid, chlorophyll and many others. These natural dyes are easily extracted from various parts of plants, such as from the fruits, flowers, leaves, and seeds. Regardless of the limited performance of natural dyes, the natural dyes exhibit advantages, including high absorption coefficients, highlight-harvesting efficiency, inexpensive, ecologically friendly, non-toxic, and are easily extractable. Moreover, this research paper is mainly focused on about extraction of anthocyanin dye pigments from Malabar spinach fruits for Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). The experiment was conducted using three different methods; extraction of anthocyanin pigments from Malabar spinach fruits: a.) using pure methanol solvent, b.) using 50% methanol solvent, and c.) using 50% methanol & 1% HCl solvent, and the resulted data were 160.81 mg/L, 64.62 mg/L and 77.65 mg/L respectively. It can be concluded that the extraction of anthocyanin pigments from Malabar spinach fruits using pure methanol solvent has the highest amount of extracted anthocyanin pigment, which is 160.81 mg/L.

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Enhancing the Conversion Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells based on Betalain Natural Dye as The Potential Photosensitizer: A Review

Indonesian Journal of Natural Pigments ◽

10.33479/ijnp.2021.03.1.1-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Christyowati Primi Sagita

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Lower Efficiency ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Dye Extraction ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Positive Results

Natural dyes have gained much attentions as the cheap photosensitizer for dye-sensitized solar cells because of their abundant availability in nature. One of potential natural dyes is betalain dye. Betalain dye mostly can be found in family plant of Caryophyllales. This dye has carboxyl groups and can absorb light until wavelength of 600 nm since betalain dye can be in red-purple color. However, betalain dye is still reported to give a lower efficiency in dye-sensitized solar cells device because of its nature properties as compared to the synthetic dyes. This encourages many researchers to investigate the method for developing betalain ability in purpose to enhance the cell device efficiency. To date, there are two methods having been reported for their positive results in increasing the efficiency of cell device based on betalain dye, i.e., combining the betalain dye with other natural dyes, and selecting the suitable solvent and pH in betalain dye extraction. Therefore, in this review, the summary about potential of betalain dye as photosensitizer and what properties of this dye have as the photosensitizer would be described. The summary of methods for optimizing betalain dye in improving the conversion efficiency of dye-sensitized solar cell also will be presented for better understanding the potential of this dye.

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Characterization of Natural Dye Extracted from Wormwood and Purple Cabbage for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

International Journal of Photoenergy ◽

10.1155/2013/159502 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ho Chang ◽

Mu-Jung Kao ◽

Tien-Li Chen ◽

Chih-Hao Chen ◽

Kun-Ching Cho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Spin Coating ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency ◽

Synthetic Dyes ◽

Photoelectric Conversion ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

This study used natural dyes as sensitizers of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) to replace expensive chemical synthetic dyes. We prepared two natural dyes, chlorophyll dye and anthocyanin dye, by extracting them from wormwood and purple cabbage, respectively. Moreover, we mixed the prepared chlorophyll dye and anthocyanin dye at 5 different volume ratios to form cocktail dyes. For preparation of photoelectrode, P25 TiO2nanoparticles were used to prepare paste, which was coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conductive glass by the spin coating method at different spin coating speeds in order to form TiO2thin films with different thicknesses. The DSSC prepared by the cocktail dye achieves photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of 1.95%, open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.765 V, and short-circuit current density (JSC) of 5.83 mA/cm2. Moreover, the prepared DSSC sensitized solely by chlorophyll extract of wormwood achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of 0.9%, whereas the DSSC sensitized solely by anthocyanin extract of purple cabbage achieved a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 1.47%, achieving the longest lifetime of electrons amongst these three dyes.

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10. DFT study of anthocyanidin and anthocyanin pigments for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Electron injecting from the excited states and adsorption onto TiO2 (anatase) surface

Computational Sciences ◽

10.1515/9783110467215-010 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 205-218

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Excited States ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Dft Study ◽

Tio2 Anatase ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Anthocyanin Pigments ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

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Application of new natural dyes extracted from Nasturtium flowers (Tropaeolum majus) as photosensitizer in dye-sensitized solar cells

Optik ◽

10.1016/j.ijleo.2021.167331 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 167331

Author(s):

Shalini Singh ◽

Ishwar Chandra Maurya ◽

Shubham Sharma ◽

Shiva Prakash Singh Kushwaha ◽

Pankaj Srivastava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Tropaeolum Majus ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

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IMPROVING STABILITY OF CHLOROPHYLL AS NATURAL DYE FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v80.10258 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 80 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zainal Arifin ◽

Sudjito Soeparman ◽

Denny Widhiyanuriyawan ◽

Suyitno Suyitno ◽

Argatya Tara Setyaji

Keyword(s):

Current Density ◽

Open Circuit Voltage ◽

Short Circuit ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Short Circuit Current ◽

Short Circuit Current Density ◽

Open Circuit ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

Natural dyes have attracted much researcher’s attention due to their low-cost production, simple synthesis processes and high natural abundance. However the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based natural dyes have higher tendency to degradation. This article reports on the enhancement of performance and stability of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) using natural dyes. The natural dyes were extracted from papaya leaves by ethanol solvent at a temperature of 50 °C. Then the extracted dyes were isolated and modified into Mg-chlorophyll using column chromatography. Mg-chlorophyll was then synthesized into Fe-chlorophyll to improve stability. The natural dyes were characterized using ultraviolet-visible spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The performance of DSSCs was tested using a solar simulator. The results showed the open-circuit voltage, the short-circuit current density, and the efficiency of the extracted papaya leaves-based DSSCs to be 325 mV, 0.36 mA/cm2, and 0.07%, respectively. Furthermore, the DSSCs with purified chlorophyll provide high open-circuit voltage of 425 mV and short-circuit current density of 0.45 mA/cm2. The use of Fe-chlorophyll for sensitizing the DSSCs increases the efficiency up to 2.5 times and the stability up to two times. The DSSCs with Fe-chlorophyll dyes provide open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and efficiency of 500 mV, 0.62 mA/cm2, and 0.16%, respectively. Further studies to improve the current density and stability of natural dye-based DSSCs along with an improvement in the anchor between dyes and semiconducting layers are required.

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Natural Dyes: From Cotton Fabrics to Solar Cells

10.5772/intechopen.97487 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Indriana Kartini ◽

Adhi Dwi Hatmanto

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Cotton Fabrics ◽

Natural Dye ◽

Natural Dyes ◽

Oxide Surface ◽

Solar Cell Efficiency ◽

Cell Efficiency ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

This article will discuss natural dyes’ role, from colouring the cotton fabrics with some functionality to harvesting sunlight in the dye-sensitized solar cells. Natural dye colourants are identical to the low light- and wash-fastness. Therefore, an approach to improving the colourant’s physical properties is necessary. Colouring steps employing silica nanosol and chitosan will be presented. The first part will be these multifunctional natural dye coatings on cotton fabrics. Then, functionality such as hydrophobic surfaces natural dyed cotton fabrics will be discussed. Natural dyes are also potential for electronic application, such as solar cells. So, the second part will present natural dyes as the photosensitizers for solar cells. The dyes are adsorbed on a semiconductor oxide surface, such as TiO2 as the photoanode. Electrochemical study to explore natural dyes’ potential as sensitizer will be discussed, for example, natural dyes for Batik. Ideas in improving solar cell efficiency will be discussed by altering the photoanode’s morphology. The ideas to couple the natural dyes with an organic–inorganic hybrid of perovskite and carbon dots are then envisaged.

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Fused Thiazine Tethered Metal-Free Dyes for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells: A Computational Investigation

Asian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.14233/ajchem.2021.23340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 2373-2378

Author(s):

K. Gokula Krishnan ◽

V. Saravanan ◽

C. Udhaya Kumar ◽

C. Ramalingan

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽

Computational Studies ◽

Computational Investigation ◽

Dye Sensitized ◽

B3lyp Method ◽

Harvesting Efficiency ◽

Dye Regeneration ◽

Sensitized Solar Cells

Three novel cyanoacetamide decorated phenothiazines (1a-c) have been designed. Structural and photo-physical properties of the molecules 1a-c have been investigated. To better realize the charge transport process involved in the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), computational studies have been performed using B3LYP and CAM-B3LYP method for the dyes 1a-c. Theoretical findings for DSSCs include LHE (light-harvesting efficiency) and driving forces such as electron injection (ΔGinject) and dye regeneration have been calculated to envisage the most appropriate dyes for the application of DSSC.

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