From the Iran nuclear deal to a Middle East Zone? Lessons from the JCPOA for the ME WMDFZ

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Einhorn ◽  
Dina Esfandiary ◽  
Anton Khlopkov ◽  
Grégoire Mallard ◽  
Andreas Persbo
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Law ◽  
Fuel Cycle ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
The Road ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Process Structure

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) explicitly states that it “should not be considered as setting precedents for any other state or for fundamental principles of international law.” However, its unique negotiations process, provisions, and implementation created an important set of tools that could provide valuable insights and lessons for a Middle East Weapons of mass Destruction Free Zone (ME WMDFZ). Understanding these tools in a regional context based on the JCPOA experience could provide ME WMDFZ negotiators and researchers important additional tools, ideas, and lessons learned on the road toward negotiating a Zone treaty. This series explores lessons from the JCPOA for the ME WMDFZ through essays focusing on five key themes, including the Iran nuclear deal’s negotiating process, structure and format; nuclear fuel cycle activities and research; safeguards and verification; nuclear cooperation; and compliance and enforcement.

Nuclear verification in a Middle East WMD-Free Zone: Lessons from Past Verification Cases and Other Precedents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
National Security ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Critical Importance ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Nuclear Arms Race

Verification will be of critical importance to achieving and maintaining a Middle East zone free of weapons of mass destruction (ME WMD). Effective verification arrangements would serve a vital national security objective for each state in the region by reducing tensions, removing the motivation to proliferate, and mitigating the risk of a virtual nuclear arms race (or war). In view of the high levels of tension and mistrust within the zone, ensuring effective verification will be especially demanding. The paper examines specific elements of the future nuclear verification of the zone, including: Which states should be included? What prohibitions and obligations should apply in the zone and how would they be verified? How could elimination of nuclear weapons in the zone be achieved? On what basis would the zone treaty enter into force? The paper also examines a number of existing treaties and arrangements as well as the lessons learned from past verification cases which regional states can draw on in developing verification for a Middle East nuclear-weapon-free zone.

On the Road to Vienna

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Bruns
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
History Of ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
International Law Commission ◽  
Law Commission

This chapter focuses on the negotiations that preceded the 1961 Vienna Conference (which led to the conclusion of the VCDR). The author challenges the view that the successful codification was an obvious step and refers in this regard to a history of intense negotiation which spanned fifteen years. With particular reference to the International Law Commission (ILC), the chapter explores the difficult task faced by ILC members to strike a balance between the codification of existing practice and progressive development of diplomatic law. It reaches the finding that the ILC negotiations were crucial for the success of the Conference, but notes also that certain States supported a less-binding form of codification. The chapter also underlines the fact that many issues that had caused friction between the Cold War parties were settled during the preparatory meetings and remained largely untouched during the 1961 negotiations.

The Role of Geo-location Technologies

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Jerker B. Svantesson
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Private International Law ◽  
Current Effect ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
On The Road

This chapter explores the role geo-location technologies may play on the road towards achieving jurisdictional interoperability. The relevant technologies involved are introduced briefly, their accuracy examined, and an overview is provided of their use, including the increasingly common use of so-called geo-blocking. Attention is then given to perceived and real concerns stemming from the use of geo-location technologies and how these technologies impact international law, territoriality, and sovereignty, as well as to the role these technologies may play in law reform. The point is made that the current ‘effect-focused’ rules in both private international law and public international law (as those disciplines are traditionally defined), are likely to continue to work as an incentive for the use of geo-location technologies.

Customary International Law: A Vehicle on the Road from Istopia to Eutopia?

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 423-449
Author(s):  
Wiebke Staff
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
International Society ◽  
Customary International Law ◽  
The Road ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Treaty Law ◽  
On The Road ◽  
The Many ◽  
Normative Considerations

Despite the rather non-legal nature of most classic utopias, law, and also international law, plays a major role in Philip Allott’s work, including ‘Eutopia’. Law not only frames any society, but it can also be the means of changing a society and thus be used as a vehicle on the road from Istopia to Eutopia. In international law, the generally more foundational nature of customary international law (despite the many ongoing uncertainties as to several of its characteristics) as opposed to treaty law allows for the former to be a more convenient vehicle: It is more open to normative considerations and changes, it is more susceptible to influences from actors other than States and maybe even to legislators other than States, and, if need be, it can develop in amazingly short timeframes. Therefore we, the members of the international society, should focus our attention on customary international law and find ways how to steer it safely towards Eutopia.

Discovering Ways That Don’t Work on the Road to Success

2013 ◽  
pp. 94-113
Author(s):  
Tawnya Means ◽  
Eric Olson ◽  
Joey Spooner
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Active Learning ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Management Process ◽  
The Road ◽  
Management Techniques ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Studio Classroom ◽  
Complex Project ◽  
Edison Project

Educational technology projects undertaken by higher education institutions range in complexity, scope, and impact. The Edison project created a sophisticated studio classroom that supports active learning teaching methods for both local and distant students. The team undertaking this complex project was composed of information technology and instructional design professionals with no real background in formal project management techniques. The team soon discovered that intuition and organic processes for implementing a complex project with increasing scope resulted in risks and challenges that threatened the success and potential impact of the project. The project team learned valuable lessons about the need for a systematic project management process. This case shares the project details, major accomplishments, and lessons learned by the team through the Active Learning Studio classroom (Edison) project.

Operationalization of the Lessons Learned Process

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Peter Avis ◽  
Joe Sharpe
Keyword(s):  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
The Road ◽  
Organizational Behaviour ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
On The Road ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

An essential step on the road to solving the lessons learned challenge is for organizations to “operationalize” the process for lessons learned such that the important lessons are not just observed but are learned over time to improve organizational behaviour. There are seven key findings: the engagement and integration of leadership into the lessons learned process; the development of spheres of influence and the corresponding organizational “loops”; the selection of a limited number of “rolled-up” observations to pursue – “five (good ones) are much better than 500”; the use of symposia to ensure education and collective “buy-in”; the development of action plans to engage the leadership and provide a practical direction on the way ahead; the triggering, packaging, dispatching, and recreation of lessons identified such that they are attainable and welcomed by the receiving stakeholders; and the development of logical, distinct steps in creating a database.

Radio Propaganda—A Modest Proposal

1958 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 739-745 ◽  
Author(s):  
John B. Whitton
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Comprehensive Plan ◽  
Modest Proposal ◽  
Offensive Weapon ◽  
The United Nations

Once again the attention of students of international law and relations has been directed to the use of propaganda as an offensive weapon of power politics. President Eisenhower, in his historic speech last August before the United Nations, included in his comprehensive plan for the Middle East a proposal for a system of monitoring inflammatory broadcasts.

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