scholarly journals Ability and sex differences in spatial thinking: What does the mental rotation test really measure?

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 1212-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Hegarty
Neuroreport ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 870-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara Scheer ◽  
Felipe Mattioni Maturana ◽  
Petra Jansen

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kázmér Karádi ◽  
Árpád Csathó ◽  
Beatrix Kovács ◽  
Péter Kosztolányi

A large sex difference has been elicited on the Vandenberg-Kuse mental rotation test. Prior research emphasizes the biological root of this sex difference. In recent experiments we confirmed this viewpoint. A large sample was administered the test, and the distributions of scores for men and women ( N = 138; 68 men and 70 women; ages 19 to 23 years). The mean scores were used as cut-off points to group the men and the women in different subgroups (Low/Women, High/Women, Low/Men, High/Men). There were large differences among all subgroups, reinforcing Kimura's testosterone hypothesis for sex differences in spatial ability.


1981 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Jackaway Freedman ◽  
Lisa Rovegno

Ocular dominance, handedness, and cognitive strategy were assessed in relation to performance by 146 undergraduates on the Vandenberg Mental Rotation Test. Higher spatial scores were found for right-eyed subjects, right-handed subjects, and males. These higher scoring groups reported using similar cognitive strategies. They counted blocks less, used their hands less, and pictured in their minds more than the left-eyed, left-handed and female subjects. Results confirm previous findings.


Cortex ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1005-1014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Peters ◽  
Wolfgang Lehmann ◽  
Sayuri Takahira ◽  
Yoshiaki Takeuchi ◽  
Kirsten Jordan

Intelligence ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menucha Birenbaum ◽  
Anthony E. Kelly ◽  
Michal Levi-Keren

2003 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Üner Tan ◽  
Mukadder Okuyan ◽  
Tugba Bayraktar ◽  
Ahmet Akgun

Sex difference in mental rotation ability was reconsidered. The Vandenberg-Kuse figures were administered to 120 male and 76 female students from the Medical School of BlackSea Technical University in Trabzon, Turkey to assess the mental rotation ability. Students' height and weight were measured. As expected, men outperformed women on this test and had greater height and weight. Number correct on mental rotation test significantly correlated with height and weight for the total sample and for men, but only with weight for women. Using weight as covariate, the sex difference was no longer significant. The mean mental rotation score was significantly higher for heavy women than for light men. There was a positive correlation between weight and mental rotation test scores for heavy women, but height and weight were negatively correlated with mental rotation test scores for light men. These results suggest that there is no sex difference in mental rotation ability as measured.


2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eero Vuoksimaa ◽  
Richard J. Viken ◽  
Laura Hokkanen ◽  
Annamari Tuulio-Henriksson ◽  
Richard J. Rose ◽  
...  

Probably the most robust sex difference in cognitive abilities is that on average males outperform females in tests of mental rotation. Using twin data we tested whether there are sex differences in the magnitude of genetic and environmental effects on mental rotation test performance and whether the same or different genetic effects operate in females and males. The present study replicated the well-known male advantage in mental rotation ability. The relative proportion of variance explained by genetic effects did not differ between females and males, but interestingly, absolute additive genetic and unique environmental variances were greater in males reflecting significantly greater phenotypic variance in mental rotation test performance in males. Over half of the variance in mental rotation test performance was explained by genetic effects, which suggest that mental rotation ability is a good phenotype for studies finding genes underlying spatial abilities. Results indicate that females and males could be combined for such genetic studies, because the same genetic effects affected mental rotation test performance in females and males.


2010 ◽  
pp. 47-63
Author(s):  
Carolina Mega ◽  
Alessia Canella ◽  
Francesca Pazzaglia

La presente ricerca si č proposta di esaminare, su un campione italiano, le relazioni esistenti tra stili cognitivi, abilitŕ immaginative e spaziali, e di verificare l'esistenza di differenze di genere. Hanno partecipato all'indagine 86 studenti (52 femmine e 34 maschi) di un Liceo Scientifico di Padova. Lo stile cognitivo č stato valutato attraverso tre strumenti: Verbalizer-Visualizer Questionnaire (Richardson, 1977), Object-Spatial Imagery Questionnaire (Blajenkova O., Kozhevnikov M. e Motes M.A., 2006a), Questionario sullo Stile Cognitivo (Kozhevnikov, Kosslyn e Shepard, 2005). Le abilitŕ immaginative e spaziali sono state indagate attraverso il Questionario sulla Vividezza delle immagini mentali (Marks, 1973) e il Mental Rotation Test (Vandenberg e Kuse, 1978). I risultati hanno evidenziato l'esistenza di due differenti tipologie di stile cognitivo visualizzatore, che presentano specifiche abilitŕ nell'elaborazione delle informazioni: i soggetti spatial, che preferiscono immagini schematiche delle relazioni spaziali tra oggetti, riescono meglio in compiti di abilitŕ spaziale. I soggetti object, invece, ottengono punteggi piů elevati nelle misure di vividezza delle immagini mentali. Inoltre differenze di genere sono state rinvenute nello stile cognitivo spatial, con punteggi piů elevati dei maschi.


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