scholarly journals [2 + 1] Cycloaddition reactions of fullerene C60 based on diazo compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 630-670
Author(s):  
Yuliya N Biglova
Keyword(s):  
Fullerene C60 ◽  
Common Variant ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Diazo Compounds ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Thermal Addition

The most common variant of fullerene core functionalization is the [2 + 1] cycloaddition process. Of these, reactions leading to methanofullerenes are the most promising. They are synthesized in two main reactions: nucleophilic cyclopropanation according to the Bingel method and thermal addition of diazo compounds. This present review summarizes the material on the synthesis of monofunctionalized methanofullerenes – analogues of [60]PCBM – based on various diazo compounds. The main cyclopropanating agents for the synthesis of monosubstituted methanofullerenes, the optimal conditions and the mechanism of the [2 + 1] cycloaddition, as well as the practical application of the target products are analyzed.

scholarly journals Base mediated 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of α-substituted vinyl phosphonates with diazo compounds for synthesis of 3-pyrazolylphosphonates and 5-pyrazolcarboxylates

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (42) ◽  
pp. 10000-10010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliya S. Goulioukina ◽  
Nikolay N. Makukhin ◽  
Egor D. Shinkarev ◽  
Yuri K. Grishin ◽  
Vitaly A. Roznyatovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diazo Compounds ◽  
Dipolar Cycloaddition ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Vinyl Phosphonates

1-Substituted vinylphosphonates could serve as convenient precursors for functionalized pyrazoles in condition-controlled 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions.

Aziridinyl imines in organic synthesis: Development of tandem reaction strategies and application to total synthesis of natural products

2013 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Yoon Lee ◽  
Seog-Beom Song ◽  
Taek Kang ◽  
Yoon Jung Kim ◽  
Su Jeong Geum
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Reactive Intermediates ◽  
Diazo Compounds ◽  
Tandem Reaction ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Free Radical Reactions ◽  
Sulfur Ylide ◽  
Epoxide Formation

Aziridinyl imines are well-known carbene equivalents because they are precursors of diazo compounds from which reactive intermediates can be produced. These carbene equivalents can be utilized as zwitterionic species, diradicals, or 4π system for cycloaddition reactions. Thus, the intermediates derived from aziridinyl imines have been used in the sulfur-ylide-mediated epoxide formation, tandem free-radical reactions, or cyclopropanation reaction via carbene intermediates to form trimethylenemethane (TMM) diyls, which undergo [2 + 3] cycloaddition reactions to form cyclopentanoids. Diazo compounds generated from aziridinyl imines also react with allenes to form TMM diyls. This reaction was utilized in tandem cycloaddition reactions of linear substrates to form polyquinanes. These tandem reaction strategies were successfully applied to the total synthesis of various cyclopentanoid natural products.

scholarly journals Organosolv delignification of residual plantation willow bark after extractive removal

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matiss Pals ◽  
◽  
Liga Lauberte ◽  
Alexandr Arshanitsa ◽  
Laima Vevere ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Insoluble Residue ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Residual Biomass ◽  
Main Cell ◽  
Willow Bark ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Wall Components ◽  
Comprehensive Characterization

Plantation willows are commonly grown plants which are widely used for energetic purposes that does not correspond completely to its potential. To fully integrate this resource into biorefinery scheme, it is necessary to study optimal conditions of willow bark processing, aimed for separation of bark components, their comprehensive characterization and profitable practical application. Extraction of secondary metabolites is well known approach for bark processing. But the separation of the main cell wall components including lignin from the residual biomass is less studied. In this work plantation residual willow bark after extractives separation by two different solvents (acetone and ethanolwater) was used as a feedstock for Organosolv delignification. Effect of temperature and catalyst used on the yield and properties of lignin isolated from residual bark by ethanol-water treatment was studied. It was possible to obtain pure lignin with high yields (up to 41%) that has the potential to be used for bio-plastic producing. Insoluble residue after delignification was carbohydrate rich (up to 80%) feedstock allowing its practical use for bioethanol producing.

scholarly journals The Power of Iron Catalysis in Diazo Chemistry

Synthesis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (01) ◽  
pp. 79-94
Author(s):  
Thierry Ollevier ◽  
Virginie Carreras ◽  
Nour Tanbouza
Keyword(s):  
Short Review ◽  
Metal Catalysts ◽  
Diazo Compounds ◽  
Cycloaddition Reactions ◽  
Insertion Reactions ◽  
Iron Catalysis ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Olefination Reactions

AbstractThe use of iron catalysis to enable reactions with diazo compounds has emerged as a valuable tool to forge carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bonds. While diazo compounds are often encountered with toxic and expensive metal catalysts, such as Rh, Ru, Pd, Ir, and Cu, a resurgence of Fe catalysis has been observed. This short review will showcase and highlight the recent advances in iron-mediated reactions of diazo compounds.1 Introduction2 Insertion Reactions2.1 Insertion into B–H Bonds2.2 Insertion into Si–H Bonds2.3 Insertion into N–H Bonds2.4 Insertion into S–H bonds3 Ylide Formation and Subsequent Reactions3.1 Doyle–Kirmse Rearrangement3.2 [1,2]-Stevens and Sommelet–Hauser Rearrangements3.3 Olefination Reactions3.4 Cycloaddition Reactions3.5 gem-Difluoroalkenylation4 Three-Component Reactions5 Miscellaneous6 Conclusion

Removal of cadmium and zinc from contaminated wastewater using Rhodobacter sphaeroides

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 2489-2498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Li ◽  
Weihua Peng ◽  
Yingying Jia ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Wenhong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Rhodobacter Sphaeroides ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Inoculum Size ◽  
Pilot Test ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Remediation Time

Rhodobacter sphaeroides was used for bioremediation of wastewater polluted with cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn). The tolerance of the microorganism to selected heavy metals (HMs), as well as the effects of pH, temperature and inoculum size on the removal rate, was investigated. The remediation effects of R. sphaeroides were analysed at different initial concentrations of HMs. Bioremediation mechanisms were thoroughly discussed based on the results from the cell characterisation analysis. Cd and Zn could inhibit the growth of R. sphaeroides. However, Cd was more toxic than Zn, with corresponding EC50 values of 5.34 and 69.79 mg L−1. Temperature and pH had greater influence on the removal rate of HMs than inoculum size. The optimal conditions for temperature and pH were 35 °C–40 °C and pH 7, respectively. Initial concentration of HMs and remediation time also affected the removal rate. Rhodobacter sphaeroides had a relatively higher remediation effect under the present experimental conditions. The removal rates for Cd and Zn reached 97.92% and 97.76%, respectively. Results showed that biosorption and HM precipitation were the main bioremediation mechanisms. This information is necessary to better understand the removal mechanism of R. sphaeroides, and is significant for its pilot test and future practical application.

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