scholarly journals Binarity in Prosodic Morphology and Elsewhere

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Mellesmoen ◽  
Suzanne Urbanczyk
Keyword(s):  
Prosodic Morphology ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Phonological Constraints ◽  
Complex Patterns

This paper explores the role of binarity in prosodic morphology by proposing that all representations are maximally binary branching, as stated in (1).(1) Binarity Hypothesis: All representations are maximally binary branching.Our evidence comes from examining patterns in which fission (Integrity violations) and fusion (Uniformity violations) of segments satisfies morphological and phonological constraints: multiple reduplication, haplology, coalescence, and breaking. Where there appears to be 1:3 or a 3:1 mapping between input and output segments, we propose that this must arise from two separate 1:2 or 2:1 mappings (perhaps at a stem and word level). We illustrate that a number of seemingly complex patterns of multiple reduplication in Salish, Wakashan and Uto-Aztecan languages follow naturally from the Binarity Hypothesis.

Crossing boundaries: more evidence for phonological constraints on early multi-word utterances

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward H. Matthei
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Development ◽  
Consonant Harmony ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Initial Syllable ◽  
Phonological Constraints ◽  
Word Boundaries

ABSTRACTA number of researchers have argued that phonological constraints may influence the emergence and form of combinatorial speech in children. Donahue (1986) presented evidence that one child's consonant harmony constraint operated across word boundaries. This paper presents further evidence for the operation of word-level phonological constraints in multi-word utterances. Selection and avoidance patterns as well as her modifications of adult forms indicate the presence of a syllable sequencing constraint in this child's grammar: an initial syllable must begin with a consonant whose sonority value is not less than that of the following syllable. The same constraint governs the form of her early word combinations. The existence of evidence for the operation of word-level constraints in word combinations, it is pointed out, has consequences for how we interpret two-lexicon models of phonological development.

Red Tape, Rule Legitimacy, and Public Service Motivation: Experimental Evidence From Korean Citizens

2022 ◽  
pp. 009539972110690
Author(s):  
Yongjin Ahn ◽  
Jesse W. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Relief Fund ◽  
Red Tape ◽  
Input Legitimacy ◽  
Output Legitimacy

While legitimacy plays a key role in determining if a public sector rule or process objectively qualifies as red tape, it is unclear if legitimacy shapes subjective red tape judgments. We use a sample of South Korean citizens and a vignette-based survey experiment describing applying for a small business COVID-19 relief fund to test the relevance of rule legitimacy for perceived red tape. We find that obtaining a favorable outcome (receiving the fund) reduces perceived red tape, but that neither input nor output legitimacy plays a consistent role. Second, we find that public service motivation moderates the role of both input and output legitimacy on perceived red tape, though in different directions. For those with high levels of public service motivation, output legitimacy reduces perceived red tape. However, for the same group, input legitimacy increases it. We provide a detailed discussion of the contributions of our study.

Prosody in Automatic Speech Processing

2020 ◽  
pp. 632-645
Author(s):  
Anton Batliner ◽  
Bernd Möbius
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Short History ◽  
Word Level ◽  
Dialogue Acts ◽  
Semantics And Pragmatics ◽  
Different Types ◽  
History Of

Automatic speech processing (ASP) is understood as covering word recognition, the processing of higher linguistic components (syntax, semantics, and pragmatics), and the processing of computational paralinguistics (CP), which deals with speaker states and traits. This chapter attempts to track the role of prosody in ASP from the word level up to CP. A short history of the field from 1980 to 2020 distinguishes the early years (until 2000)—when the prosodic contribution to the modelling of linguistic phenomena, such as accents, boundaries, syntax, semantics, and dialogue acts, was the focus—from the later years, when the focus shifted to paralinguistics; prosody ceased to be visible. Different types of predictor variables are addressed, among them high-performance power features as well as leverage features, which can also be employed in teaching and therapy.

The role of L1 input and output

2012 ◽  
pp. 81-95
Author(s):  
Monika S. Schmid
Keyword(s):  
Input And Output

The cerebellum and the physics of movement

1997 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 266-266
Author(s):  
Helge Topka ◽  
Johannes Dichgans
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Arm Movements ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Physical Principles

This commentary reviews the basic physical principles underlying human single- and multi-joint arm movements. The potential role of the cerebellum in dealing with the physics of movement is discussed in the light of recent physiological findings and the theoretical model of cerebellar detection and generation of input and output sequences put forward by Braitenberg and colleagues.

Comparative Study of the Promotion of S&T to Economic and Social Development in Hubei

2012 ◽  
Vol 482-484 ◽  
pp. 2289-2292
Author(s):  
Wei Zou
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social System ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Progress Monitoring ◽  
Social Growth ◽  
National Statistics ◽  
Input And Output

Integrated progress of S&T is the important factor in the Economic and Social System. Based on the analysis of the economic and social growth and integrated progress of S&T in Hubei Province during Eleventh Five-Year, with the concept of the system and in the perspective of input and output, this paper used the national statistics and the regional scientific and technological progress monitoring indicators, put forward to the deep comparative analysis among Hubei and Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang and Fujian provinces in the eastern on socio-economic growth, integrated progress of S&T and promotion of S&T to economic and social development, then some countermeasures how Hubei to enhance the role of S&T were put forword.

Psychopathology and Development: II. Childhood Experiences and Personality Development

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Social Context ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Personality Structure ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Reciprocal Interactions ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Complex Patterns

Concepts and empirical findings are reviewed with regard to personality development and to the role of childhood experiences in that process. It is concluded that personality development cannot be reduced to the stabilisation of behavioural traits, to the production of a fixed personality structure or to the acquisition of social-cognitive skills, although there is some form of personality organisation in terms of habits, attitudes, concepts and styles of behaviour. Personality development takes place in a social context, with both continuities and discontinuities stemming from maturational and experiential factors and interactions between them. Chains of indirect linkages result from complex patterns of circular processes involving reciprocal interactions between children and their environments. No single mechanism is responsible and no one theory provides an explanation.

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